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Hurricane Oscar


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Yikes! How does this get overlooked? 
It's a very tiny system, as you can clearly see on microwave. But we haven't had recon for 36 hours. Though San Juan radar suggested a developing mid-level circulation, yesterday, we didn't have any evidence of a westerly wind at the surface within the southern semicircle. But obviously, overnight, the satellite and some remote sensing imagery started to suggest this had spun up a tight vortex. I must admit I am a little surprised that the NHC waited until this morning's 8AM to begin escalating chances of development.
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Kinda hard to say NHC dropped the ball with minimal model support the last few days and all scatterometer data showing an open circulation. HWRF was the only model really showing much coming out of it. Even when it looked like a TC on satellite Thursday, recon found no westerly surface winds as ASCAT showed. Chalk it up to being a tiny circulation, I guess. Suspect we get RI into a hurricane today looking at the outflow in a light shear and warmer oceanic environment.

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BULLETIN
Tropical Storm Oscar Advisory Number   1
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL162024
1100 AM EDT Sat Oct 19 2024

...SMALL TROPICAL STORM OSCAR FORMS JUST EAST OF THE TURKS AND
CAICOS ISLANDS...
...TROPICAL STORM WARNINGS IN EFFECT FOR THE SOUTHEAST BAHAMAS AND
NORTHEASTERN PROVINCES OF CUBA...


SUMMARY OF 1100 AM EDT...1500 UTC...INFORMATION
-----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...21.3N 70.2W
ABOUT 190 MI...305 KM ESE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN BAHAMAS
ABOUT 495 MI...795 KM E OF CAMAGUEY CUBA
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...40 MPH...65 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...W OR 270 DEGREES AT 13 MPH...20 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...1007 MB...29.74 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
CHANGES WITH THIS ADVISORY:

The government of the Bahamas has issued a Tropical Storm Warning
for the Turks and Caicos Islands and the Southeastern Bahamas.

The government of Cuba has issued a Tropical Storm Warning for the 
provinces of Guantanamo, Holguin, and Las Tunas and a Tropical 
Storm Watch for Camaguey.

SUMMARY OF WATCHES AND WARNINGS IN EFFECT:

A Tropical Storm Warning is in effect for...
* Turks and Caicos Islands
* Southeastern Bahamas
* Cuban Provinces of Guantanamo, Holguin, and Las Tunas

A Tropical Storm Watch is in effect for...
* Cuba Provence of Camaguey

For storm information specific to your area, please monitor
products issued by your national meteorological service.


DISCUSSION AND OUTLOOK
----------------------
At 1100 AM EDT (1500 UTC), the center of Tropical Storm Oscar was
located near latitude 21.3 North, longitude 70.2 West. Oscar is
moving toward the west near 13 mph (20 km/h) and this motion with a
gradual slowdown and turn to the west-southwest is forecast over 
the next couple of days.

Maximum sustained winds are near 40 mph (65 km/h) with higher gusts.
Some intensification is possible over the next day or so, followed
by little change in strength.

Tropical-storm-force winds extend outward up to 35 miles (55 km)
from the center.

The estimated minimum central pressure is 1007 mb (29.74 inches).
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Tropical Storm Oscar Discussion Number   1
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL162024
1100 AM EDT Sat Oct 19 2024

Things have been quickly evolving with a small area of low pressure 
located just to the east of the Turks and Caicos Islands. Earlier 
this morning, there was a 0556 UTC AMSR2 passive microwave image 
that suggested the system's structure had become quite a bit better 
organized compared to prior images, with prominent curved bands on 
the 37 GHz low-level channel that suggest a well-defined circulation 
was developing. While the overnight C-band scatterometer imagery 
missed the small circulation just to the west, there was a KU-band 
scatterometer that suggested a closed circulation had formed. First 
light GOES-16 meso-sector imagery also suggests a tight circulation 
has formed, with bubbling hot towers within a small central dense 
overcast taking shape. All these data suggest a tropical cyclone has 
formed, and based on the earlier 12 UTC TAFB T2.5/35 kt Dvorak 
estimate, advisories are being started on Tropical Storm Oscar with 
a 35 kt initial intensity. 

Oscar is estimated to be moving due westward at 270/11 kt. This 
motion should continue for the remainder of the day as the system is 
initially steered by a narrow mid-level ridge positioned to the 
north. However, a digging east-to-west longwave trough is soon 
expected to erode the eastward side of this ridge, causing Oscar to 
slowdown and potentially stall near the northeastern coast of Cuba 
in 36-48 hours. Thereafter, that same trough is expected to continue 
amplifying or even retrograde westward, and if Oscar is vertically 
deep enough, this should induce steering that brings the tropical 
cyclone northeastward. The track forecast lies close to the simple 
TCVA consensus aid, which is quite close to the most recent ECMWF 
forecast. Its worth mentioning, there is quite a bit of 
southwest-to-northeast spread in the ensemble guidance, with weaker 
members slower and further west and stronger members being captured 
by the trough. 

Intensity-wise, Oscar only appears to have a 24 h window for 
strengthening as shear remains low enough.  The first NHC intensity 
forecast shows the system peaking as a 45-kt storm as it nears the 
eastern coast of Cuba.  Shear out of the northwest increases quite 
rapidly after that time, due to the aforementioned trough to its 
north, with the intensity likely leveling off around then. There 
could also be some land interaction with Cuba that could disrupt the 
circulation. However Oscar is a very small tropical cyclone, and 
could be prone to rapid changes in intensity, both up and down. 
After 72 h, the much larger trough is likely to absorb the small 
Oscar, with this occurring by the end of the forecast period by the 
middle of next week.


Key Messages:

1. Oscar is expected to bring tropical storm conditions to portions 
of the southeastern Bahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, and eastern 
Cuba during the next day or so. A Tropical Storm Warning has been 
issued for those locations.

2. Locally heavy rainfall is possible across the Turks and Caicos 
Islands and the southeastern Bahamas later today and tonight. These 
rains are expected to spread to eastern Cuba on Sunday.


FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDS

INIT  19/1500Z 21.3N  70.2W   35 KT  40 MPH
 12H  20/0000Z 21.4N  71.9W   40 KT  45 MPH
 24H  20/1200Z 21.2N  73.8W   45 KT  50 MPH
 36H  21/0000Z 20.9N  74.9W   45 KT  50 MPH
 48H  21/1200Z 21.0N  75.8W   45 KT  50 MPH
 60H  22/0000Z 21.6N  75.9W   45 KT  50 MPH
 72H  22/1200Z 22.5N  75.0W   40 KT  45 MPH
 96H  23/1200Z 25.1N  72.6W   35 KT  40 MPH
120H  24/1200Z...DISSIPATED

$$
Forecaster Papin
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1 hour ago, purduewx80 said:

Kinda hard to say NHC dropped the ball with minimal model support the last few days and all scatterometer data showing an open circulation. HWRF was the only model really showing much coming out of it. Even when it looked like a TC on satellite Thursday, recon found no westerly surface winds as ASCAT showed. Chalk it up to being a tiny circulation, I guess. Suspect we get RI into a hurricane today looking at the outflow in a light shear and warmer oceanic environment.

For sure.  But yesterday when it was passing north of PR there were signals it had a closed circulation.  I think the NHC overall has a more conservative policy re: Naming systems and that’s fine, but you might run into situations like today where Oscar suddenly appears.  I hear your point though 

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Pressure is down another 2 mb to 989 mb in the last hour.

Hurricane Oscar

2:00 PM EDT Sat Oct 19
Location: 21.4°N 70.6°W
Moving: W at 12 mph
Min pressure: 989 mb
Max sustained: 80 mph
 

Hurricane Oscar Special Discussion Number   2
NWS National Hurricane Center Miami FL       AL162024
200 PM EDT Sat Oct 19 2024

This is a special advisory to update the initial and forecast 
intensity for Oscar and current watches and warnings. An Air Force 
Reserve Hurricane Hunter mission is currently flying through the 
system, and in their second southwest-to-northeast leg found 700 mb 
flight level winds of 76 kt, and a minimum central pressure of 989 
mb. The plane also reported a very small 3 n mi wide eye. A 
dropsonde recently launched in the northern quadrant also had a 150 
m boundary layer mean wind of 80 kt. A blend of these data supports 
upgrading Oscar to a hurricane this advisory with maximum sustained 
winds of 70 kt. The intensity forecast has been updated accordingly, 
and is substantially higher than the previous one.

Due to this unexpected higher intensity, the government of the
Bahamas has issued a Hurricane Warning for the Turks and Caicos
Islands and Southeastern Bahamas. The government of Cuba has also
issued a Hurricane Watch for the same area currently under a
Tropical Storm Warning.
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