Winter 2020-2021 Banter

[LibertyBell]

13 minutes ago, MJO812 said:

I want more snow

to get to 40 right?

 

[CPcantmeasuresnow]

5 hours ago, forkyfork said:

is it too much to ask for a strong cutter with 60 degree dewpoints 

Please see an Exorcist because that can't be you speaking. "The power of Christ compels you"

[Nibor]

18 minutes ago, EpicHECS said:

Then move to a place that actually gets it. Year in and year out, you complain about your lack of snow and then go NUTS every time there's a 12" event, as if it's a big deal. It's not. You just live on the extreme shorelines and don't get much, period. We understand that every little flake excites you, and that you're from the Middle East, but you're another one who is totally out of touch. You've never been through a blizzard once in your life. 

[Rjay]

26 minutes ago, EpicHECS said:

Then move to a place that actually gets it. Year in and year out, you complain about your lack of snow and then go NUTS every time there's a 12" event, as if it's a big deal. It's not. You just live on the extreme shorelines and don't get much, period. We understand that every little flake excites you, and that you're from the Middle East, but you're another one who is totally out of touch. You've never been through a blizzard once in your life. 

 

For a brand new poster you sure seem to know a lot about people on here. 

[BxEngine]

1 minute ago, Rjay said:

 

For a brand new poster you sure seem to know a lot about people on here. 

For a poster now banned you mean.

[Rjay]

Just now, BxEngine said:

For a poster now banned you mean.

For a 2nd time 

 

[Rjay]

Probably many more times than that actually.  

[Santa Claus]

30 minutes ago, Rjay said:

For a brand new poster you sure seem to know a lot about people on here. 

 

28 minutes ago, BxEngine said:

For a poster now banned you mean.

 

27 minutes ago, Rjay said:

For a 2nd time 

 

27 minutes ago, Rjay said:

Probably many more times than that actually.  

he died doing what he loved.

[LibertyBell]

3 hours ago, Rjay said:

Probably many more times than that actually.  

you guys dont get paid enough for taking out the trash

 

[gravitylover]

12 hours ago, forkyfork said:

is it too much to ask for a strong cutter with 60 degree dewpoints 

Will you come help pump my basement out as it floods when that happens? Yeah, I didn't think so. We need a slow melt...

[bluewave]

 

 

[NorthShoreWx]

12 minutes ago, bluewave said:

 

 

Fluffy or not, the implied 1" water content is very impressive given the lake conditions.  Neat stuff.

[LibertyBell]

12 hours ago, bluewave said:

 

 

Have we run out of good names that names of popular cities get reused?

Boston, NY?  C'mon Man!

 

[gmendevils8204]

54 and golden sunshine out there right now.  Feels damn good.  Days like this make me ready for spring to start tomorrow.  I'm satisfied with the winter we've had.  

[jm1220]

Gorgeous out today. The snow is taking a beating for sure but it’s about that time of year anyway and can’t complain for sure this month. 

[Snowzone]

Currently temp 51.1 degrees, low was 27.5 degrees. Only third time to hit 50 or above here since January 1st. The others being January 2, 50 degrees and February 16, 51 degrees.

[CIK62]

Looking to bet  on a  BN Spring----Get  NEMO to loan you a $1.00:

https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/NMME/current/ustmp2m_Seas1.html

[Santa Claus]

i ate half a jar of Costco organic sauerkraut for dinner and two hours later i was farting so aggressively that my cat started hissing and clawing at me

this post is half cry for help, half endorsement of sauerkraut.  absolutely delicious.

[Nibor]

46 minutes ago, Will - Rutgers said:

i ate half a jar of Costco organic sauerkraut for dinner and two hours later i was farting so aggressively that my cat started hissing and clawing at me

this post is half cry for help, half endorsement of sauerkraut.  absolutely delicious.

[LibertyBell]

1 hour ago, Will - Rutgers said:

i ate half a jar of Costco organic sauerkraut for dinner and two hours later i was farting so aggressively that my cat started hissing and clawing at me

this post is half cry for help, half endorsement of sauerkraut.  absolutely delicious.

great, the cat hates you now.  Didn't someone tell you to go outside for awhile lol?

 

[bluewave]

A study out today expands on the rapid SST warming off the Northeast Coast that has been a big player for us.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/02/25/atlantic-ocean-currents-weakening-amoc-gulf-stream/

 

[CIK62]

Seems they used the wrong color for most of the country.          Maybe these  climatologists are color blind.         Does not instill confidence----they should join the government economists.

This was the output shown back on Jan. 21.          A  Texan or Oklahoman would probably be testing the A/C rather than collecting firewood upon seeing this.

 

[SnoSki14]

6 minutes ago, CIK62 said:

Seems they used the wrong color for most of the country.          Maybe these  climatologists are color blind.         Does not instill confidence----they should join the government economists.

This was the output shown back on Jan. 21.          A  Texan or Oklahoman would probably be testing the A/C rather than collecting firewood upon seeing this.

 

Basically Nina climo + AGW to come up with that forecast. 

Completely discounted blocking, SSW event, etc, Hadley cell interference.

[jm1220]

1 hour ago, bluewave said:

A study out today expands on the rapid SST warming off the Northeast Coast that has been a big player for us.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2021/02/25/atlantic-ocean-currents-weakening-amoc-gulf-stream/

 

It makes sense that there would be the cold blob near Greenland because of melting ice. 

[jm1220]

1 hour ago, SnoSki14 said:

Basically Nina climo + AGW to come up with that forecast. 

Completely discounted blocking, SSW event, etc, Hadley cell interference.

I’ve yet to see NWS or commercial agencies’ seasonal temps and precip predictions differ much from the climo Nina or Nino maps when these come out, with a couple degrees added for the background climate warming. I pay almost zero attention to most of these since there seems to be little analysis behind them. I pay more attention to the analyses posted here that look at other factors that can override the background ENSO state. 

[psv88]

2 hours ago, CIK62 said:

Seems they used the wrong color for most of the country.          Maybe these  climatologists are color blind.         Does not instill confidence----they should join the government economists.

This was the output shown back on Jan. 21.          A  Texan or Oklahoman would probably be testing the A/C rather than collecting firewood upon seeing this.

 

This isn’t a government graphic? Looks like a commercial product 

[Brian5671]

That outlook is right up there with 2014 and 2015-NWS went torch for those winters too-could not have been more wrong.  

[Dan76]

TWC   https://weather.com/forecast/national/news/2020-10-14-winter-2020-2021-temperature-outlook-united-states They kinda switched FEB

[Brian5671]

14 hours ago, jm1220 said:

I’ve yet to see NWS or commercial agencies’ seasonal temps and precip predictions differ much from the climo Nina or Nino maps when these come out, with a couple degrees added for the background climate warming. I pay almost zero attention to most of these since there seems to be little analysis behind them. I pay more attention to the analyses posted here that look at other factors that can override the background ENSO state. 

yeah they are mostly garbage...granted it is above normal temp wise alot of the time, but there's never any deviation from the standard outlook as you note.

[bluewave]

This matches the theme since the 18-19 winter of an opposite response to the expected ENSO pattern. All the competing influences have made winter forecasts extremely challenging last three years. So it’s not easy doing extended winter forecasts in a changing climate.

https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/did-northern-hemisphere-get-memo-years-la-niña

Did the Northern Hemisphere get the memo on this year's La Niña?

Author: 

Nat Johnson

February 25, 2021

We are rapidly approaching the end of the meteorological winter, and it has been quite a finish for much of the United States, especially for those who have suffered the devastating effects of recent extreme cold. As discussed on this blog, we have been in the grips of a healthy La Niña, but the weather outside of the tropics often hasn’t behaved as we would expect for La Niña, even before this period of extreme cold and winter storms. In this post, we’ll investigate what was going on for the first two-thirds of this winter.

Feeling the pressure

As Emily mentioned back in January, the early winter temperature pattern over North America looked more like a typical El Niño than what we would expect from a moderate-to-strong La Niña. This unexpected temperature pattern resulted from shifts in the jet stream that we usually don’t see during La Niña. Forecasters and scientists often evaluate the large-scale atmospheric circulation using pressure about three miles above the earth’s surface, the so-called 500 hectopascal (hPa) or, equivalently, the 500 millibar (mb) level (1). When we view the average pattern that occurred across the Northern hemisphere in December – January, we see a broad area of lower pressure extending from northeast Asia across the North Pacific into southwest Alaska as well as a strong area of higher pressure over northeast Canada and Greenland.

(Top) Geopotential height anomalies (m) at the 500 hectopascal (hPa) pressure level during December 2020 through January 2021. Cold colors indicate below-average atmospheric pressure and warm colors indicate above-average atmospheric pressure at a level about three miles above the Earth’s surface. (Bottom) The average 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies from December – January for the 13 strongest La Niña episodes since 1950, including December 2020 through January 2021. Note the different scaling between the top and bottom figures. The top figure has a wider range of values because the top figure includes contributions from both predictable signals, like La Niña, and random weather variability, whereas the bottom figure has filtered out most of the random weather variability. Anomalies are calculated with respect to the 1991-2020 base period for the top figure and with 30-year base periods updated every 5 years (see here for a description). NOAA Climate.gov figure with NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data obtained from the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory.

The map in the bottom panel shows the average December – January pressure pattern for the 13 strongest La Niña episodes since 1950 (2), including the current episode. Typically, La Niña brings anomalous high pressure over the North Pacific, low pressure over northwestern North America, and high pressure to the southeast U.S., a pattern referred to as the negative phase of the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern. This pattern generally brings cooler-than-average conditions over much of Canada and the northern US and warmer-than-average conditions across much of the southern U.S., but clearly the atmosphere had different ideas this past December and January.

Par for the course?

Was the mismatch that we saw in December-January really that unusual?  We know from previous blog posts (like this one) that the atmosphere varies quite a bit from one La Niña to the next, and the atmosphere never fully resembles the average of all events. To address this question, I evaluated the similarity between the individual December-January 500 hPa maps and the average La Niña pattern (for the 13 moderate-to-strong La Niña episodes). For this calculation, I use the pattern correlation, a metric that summarizes the similarity in a single number: a value of 1 means perfect match, 0 means complete mismatch, and -1 means mirror opposites (3).                                                

Pattern correlations between the individual La Niña and average La Niña December – January 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies north of 15°N for the 13 strongest La Niña episodes since 1950. Positive values indicate at least some degree of pattern matching, with 1 indicating a perfect match, and negative values indicate a mismatch between the two patterns. NOAA Climate.gov figure with NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis dataobtained from the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory.

The pattern correlations are usually substantially positive for moderate-to-strong La Niñas, which indicates that most events share some basic similarity with the average La Niña pattern. This confirms that La Niña is a reliable source of predictability outside of the tropics (and a big reason that we have an ENSO Blog!). However, the pattern correlation for the December 2020 – January of 2021 is the lowest of the 13 events and is actually slightly negative. That means you can argue that the Northern Hemisphere atmosphere looked a little more like El Niño than La Niña!

Early clues or whimsical butterflies?

So far, our calculations confirm that there was an unusual mismatch between the actual and typical La Niña atmospheric circulation pattern. Was this mismatch due to some competing influence that we should have been able to anticipate?  Did the forecasters miss something?  Or was the mismatch due to chaotic weather variability that we cannot predict well in advance? This is the question that forecasters and research scientists grapple with and often agonize over time and time again.

Our dynamical prediction models might provide some clues to address whether there may have been a competing influence (4). These models provide seasonal forecasts that, in principle, incorporate all sources of predictability, not just ENSO (but all models have errors!). For this analysis, I use a new prediction model from the NOAA lab in which I work, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), called SPEAR (5). SPEAR is the newest member of the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME), making its real-time debut in early February. Here, I analyze one of the SPEAR test predictions from early November of 2020 (6).                                              

The predicted 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies (m) for December 2020 through January 2021 from the ensemble average of 30 SPEAR dynamical model forecasts issued in early November of 2020. NOAA Climate.gov figure with SPEAR data obtained from the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.

As is always the case for seasonal predictions, and as Emily eloquently described in this post, SPEAR is run many times (30 to be exact) with slightly different initial conditions (think different flaps of a butterfly’s wings). Individual forecasts (ensemble members) diverge rapidly due to the inherently chaotic nature of the climate system, but the average of those 30 ensemble members filters out that chaotic variability and provides an estimate of the predictable signal. The ensemble average December – January pressure pattern predicted by SPEAR in early November looks a lot like the average La Niña pattern. This indicates that according to SPEAR, the typical Northern Hemisphere response to La Niña was the best prediction forecasters could have made at least a month in advance, even though it did not occur.

So, then what about the role of chaotic weather variability? This would include influences of phenomena like the Madden-Julian Oscillation and sudden stratospheric warmings that clearly influence our weather but that are difficult or impossible to predict more than a few weeks in advance. It’s very difficult to come up with a definitive answer, but we can get more clues from the diversity within the 30 SPEAR ensemble members. Remember, all 30 members are run under nearly identical conditions except for tiny perturbations in the initial conditions that reflect our imperfect knowledge of the climate state. We can examine the distribution of pattern correlations between the actual and individual forecast December – January 500 hPa maps.                  

Pattern correlations between the individual SPEAR ensemble member forecasts and the observed December 2020 – January 2021 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies north of 15°N for SPEAR forecasts issued in early November 2020. Higher pattern correlations indicate better forecast performance. The dashed red line indicates the pattern correlation between the ensemble average and the observed geopotential height field. NOAA Climate.gov figure.

We see quite a wide range of pattern correlations, both negative and positive, indicating that some ensemble members do a very poor job and others do reasonably well. If we look at the ensemble member with the highest pattern correlation, we see a lot of similar features to what actually occurred, including a broad area of low pressure in the North Pacific that is opposite to what we expect during La Niña. Remember, this reasonably accurate ensemble member outlier comes from the exact same model that said the best bet was for a typical La Niña pattern! Again, the only things that distinguish this high-performing ensemble member from the low-performing ensemble members are tiny perturbations in the initial conditions roughly equivalent to flaps of butterfly wings. Did I mention that seasonal prediction is tough?

The predicted December 2020 through January 2021 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies (m) for the SPEAR ensemble member with the highest pattern correlation with the observed pattern. NOAA Climate.gov figure with SPEAR data obtained from the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory.

Please note that this does not prove that chaotic weather variability is a primary culprit for the mismatch. It’s certainly possible that other factors were at play, and our forecast models may not be capturing all important sources of seasonal predictability, such as stratospheric-tropospheric interactions (7). The main point of this analysis is that it’s very challenging to rule out the influence of chaotic weather variability, and underscores why our seasonal forecasts are always issued in terms of probabilities.

So, you may be wondering what this means for NOAA’s Winter Outlook that was first issued last October. Keep in mind that this outlook covers the full three months of meteorological winter, and I don’t have to tell our U.S. readers that February brought some big weather changes that I haven’t covered here. Stay tuned for next month’s post when Tom returns to give us a complete breakdown of NOAA’s 2020-2021 Winter Outlook!