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Feb 28th - March 1st Severe Weather Outbreak


andyhb

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MESOSCALE DISCUSSION 0219  
NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK  
0203 PM CST TUE FEB 28 2017  
  
AREAS AFFECTED...PORTIONS OF NORTHERN IL...NORTHERN IN...SOUTHEAST  
IA...EXTREME NORTHEAST MO  
  
CONCERNING...SEVERE POTENTIAL...TORNADO WATCH LIKELY   
  
VALID 282003Z - 282230Z  
  
PROBABILITY OF WATCH ISSUANCE...80 PERCENT  
  
SUMMARY...THE AREA IS BEING MONITORED FOR INCREASING  
SEVERE-THUNDERSTORM POTENTIAL, INCLUDING THE RISK FOR TORNADOES,  
SEVERE HAIL (POSSIBLY SIGNIFICANT), AND DAMAGING WIND GUSTS. THE  
ISSUANCE OF A TORNADO WATCH WILL LIKELY BE REQUIRED DURING THE NEXT  
FEW HOURS.  
  
DISCUSSION...A NORTHWEST-SOUTHEAST-ORIENTED WARM FRONT EXTENDING  
FROM SURFACE LOW PRESSURE IN NORTHEASTERN IA TO SOUTHERN IN WILL  
CONTINUE TO DEVELOP NORTHEASTWARD, AS THE LEADING EDGE OF A  
HIGH-LEVEL SPEED MAXIMUM ALSO SPREADS NORTHEASTWARD. RECENT WATER  
VAPOR IMAGERY INDICATES A NOTABLE SURGE OF MIDLEVEL DRYING ADVANCING  
THROUGH CENTRAL IA, LIKELY ASSOCIATED WITH AN IMPULSE EMBEDDED  
WITHIN THE FLOW ALOFT. AS FORCING FOR ASCENT ASSOCIATED WITH THESE  
FEATURES CONTINUES TO OVERSPREAD THE NORTHEASTWARD-DEVELOPING WARM  
SECTOR (WHERE MODEST PRESSURE FALLS ARE OBSERVED), CONVECTION SHOULD  
INCREASE IN COVERAGE/INTENSITY DURING THE NEXT SEVERAL HOURS.  
ALREADY, ISOLATED ELEVATED CONVECTION HAS BEEN INTENSIFYING  
NORTHEAST OF THE WARM FRONT IN EAST-CENTRAL IL, WITH ADDITIONAL  
CONVECTION INCREASING IN THE OPEN WARM SECTOR ACROSS SOUTH-CENTRAL  
IA.  
  
DESPITE THE RETURN OF ONLY MODEST BOUNDARY-LAYER MOISTURE (SURFACE  
DEWPOINTS IN THE MIDDLE 50S TO AROUND 60F), STEEP MIDLEVEL LAPSE  
RATES ASSOCIATED WITH A WELL-ESTABLISHED ELEVATED MIXED LAYER  
OVERLYING THE AREA WILL SUPPORT SUFFICIENT BUOYANCY FOR INTENSE  
UPDRAFTS. WITH 40-60 KT OF EFFECTIVE SHEAR, ROTATING UPDRAFTS WILL  
LIKELY BE CAPABLE OF PRODUCING SEVERE HAIL -- POSSIBLY SIGNIFICANT.  
DAMAGING WIND GUSTS AND TORNADO POTENTIAL WILL EXIST, ESPECIALLY  
NEAR AND SOUTH/SOUTHWEST OF THE WARM FRONT, WHERE EFFECTIVE INFLOW  
LAYERS WILL EXTEND TO THE SURFACE. SIGNIFICANT TORNADOES COULD EVEN  
OCCUR OWING TO AMPLE STREAMWISE VORTICITY IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER  
(EFFECTIVE SRH AROUND 200-400 M2/S2), AND ESPECIALLY IN PROXIMITY TO  
THE WARM FRONT GIVEN PRE-EXISTING VERTICAL VORTICITY.  
  
THERE IS SOME UNCERTAINTY REGARDING THE TIMING OF THE MORE ROBUST  
INCREASE OF SURFACE-BASED CONVECTIVE RISK. REGARDLESS, THE RISK FOR  
ALL SEVERE HAZARDS WILL BE INCREASING, LIKELY WARRANTING TORNADO  
WATCH ISSUANCE DURING THE NEXT FEW HOURS.  
  

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HE NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER HAS ISSUED A  
  
* TORNADO WATCH FOR PORTIONS OF   
  SOUTHERN AND WEST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS  
  EXTREME SOUTHEAST KANSAS  
  CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN MISSOURI  
  
* EFFECTIVE THIS TUESDAY AFTERNOON AND EVENING FROM 215 PM UNTIL  
  900 PM CST.  
  
* PRIMARY THREATS INCLUDE...  
  A FEW TORNADOES LIKELY WITH A COUPLE INTENSE TORNADOES POSSIBLE  
  SCATTERED LARGE HAIL LIKELY WITH ISOLATED VERY LARGE HAIL EVENTS  
    TO 3 INCHES IN DIAMETER POSSIBLE  
  SCATTERED DAMAGING WIND GUSTS TO 70 MPH POSSIBLE  
  
SUMMARY...WIDELY SCATTERED THUNDERSTORMS ARE EXPECTED TO AFFECT THE  
WATCH AREA THIS AFTERNOON AND EVENING, WITH A FEW SEVERE STORMS  
LIKELY.  VERY LARGE HAIL AND ISOLATED TORNADOES WILL BE POSSIBLE IN  
THE MORE INTENSE STORMS.  
  

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7 minutes ago, jojo762 said:

Surprised that it is only 70/30. At least expected the sig tor probability to be higher. 

The sig tor potential likely peaks this evening and note that the watch ends at 9 p.m. Look for a downstream PDS tor watch tonight IF storms remain discrete as they move toward the Ohio River and the LLJ really cranks. 

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300 PM CST Tue Feb 28 2017

   The NWS Storm Prediction Center has issued a

   * Tornado Watch for portions of 
     Southeast Iowa
     Northern and Central Illinois
     Northwest Indiana
     Northeast Missouri
     Lake Michigan

   * Effective this Tuesday afternoon and evening from 300 PM until
     1000 PM CST.

   * Primary threats include...
     A few tornadoes possible
     Scattered large hail likely with isolated very large hail events
       to 3 inches in diameter possible
     Scattered damaging wind gusts to 70 mph possible
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ILN :  Haven't seen a discussion like this in some time....just a portion:

 If storms come
through while still somewhat elevated, the tornado threat would
be reduced. However, if the boundary layer warms/saturates and
allows for surface-based parcels, the tornado threat could be
significant. Thus, this will be a crucial part of mesoscale
analysis going through the evening. Shear profiles of this
magnitude do not frequently combine with perfectly favorable
low-level thermodynamics, but when they do, the results speak
for themselves. This is the biggest potential threat that will
have to be examined tonight into Wednesday morning -- a
conditional not-just-low-end tornado threat, combined with a
slightly greater level of confidence in large hail potential,
and some attendant damaging wind potential as well (depending on
boundary layer destabilization). 
.........

In terms of messaging, it is very important to get the word out
that these threats will be occurring at non-standard times,
continuing through the night, and quite likely into Wednesday
morning (details of which are covered below). Given that there
is a risk of severe weather that may be greater than just a
low-end marginal event, it is crucial for people to have ways
of receiving warning information during the off-typical-peak and
extended hours that this severe weather may occupy.
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