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Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Area, and Volume


ORH_wxman
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Big area drop yesterday leaves 2024 #1. Area is jumpy and there was some flash melting ytday in the Beaufort that may come back to life in the next couple of days. Still this is turning out to be a big melt year. Key metrics like area and volume have been dropping fast since mid-June. Top 3 looking more and more likely.

nsidc-area-arctic.png

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Per linked paper, the reflectivity of sea ice has decreased since 1980. SIRE in Figure below is sea ice radiative effect. The arctic decline has been steady, while the Antarctic experienced a regime change in 2016.

"The planetary cooling effects of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice during 2016–2023 were about 20% and 12% less, respectively, than they were during 1980–1988. Disappearing sea ice is therefore amplifying climate change by causing Earth to absorb roughly an additional 0.3 W m−2 of solar power for each degree Celsius of global warming, a feedback that is stronger than that simulated by most climate models."

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024GL109608

Screenshot 2024-07-26 at 07-14-50 Earth's Sea Ice Radia[...].png

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10 hours ago, chubbs said:

Area continues to tumble despite benign weather, as big Pacific losses continue. Clearly a 3 horse race now.

nsidc-area-arctic-anomaly.png

That near record 500 mb block over the Arctic in June must have had a big effect since a favorable July pattern like this in the past would never have been accompanied by such a steep area decline. 

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47 minutes ago, Cobalt said:

Where's that one post by Chesco touting the "highest sea ice to-date in 15 years" stat back in January? That has aged poorly.

I'm falling victim to greenskeeper's one gimmick but I would pay money for a worded explanation of each weenie reaction. The Chesco mention of the highest sea ice to-date since 2009 didn't warrant a weenie, but the opposite example does? We need a synopsis on greenskeeper weenie methodology 

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Looks like area losses are slowing enough to fall behind the steep pace that 2012 had in early August. So we are currently in 2nd place behind 2020. The period in early August was also when 2020 fell behind 2012.

IMG_0689.jpeg.40c2e27e94cd2dc946be6d85ed98e078.jpeg

 

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3 hours ago, Cobalt said:

Where's that one post by Chesco touting the "highest sea ice to-date in 15 years" stat back in January? That has aged poorly.

 

3 hours ago, Cobalt said:

I'm falling victim to greenskeeper's one gimmick but I would pay money for a worded explanation of each weenie reaction. The Chesco mention of the highest sea ice to-date since 2009 didn't warrant a weenie, but the opposite example does? We need a synopsis on greenskeeper weenie methodology 

Good evening Cobalt. If we must be weenie victims, it’s best to be in the company of the professional and well versed posters that have also received them. Chessco may never move beyond his beliefs but he never, at least from what I’ve seen, moves from the civility of three dimensions to the less desirable two. greenskeeper uses the weenie as his post and reply. Reacting to it negatively is probably the desired outcome. Other than creating a weenie to post limit use, it will remain just a free meme to use. Stay well and your point/observation was in that sense valid. As always …. 

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Area fell into 3rd place behind 2012 and 2020. Loss rates have slowed just enough last week. Plus the next 7 days was when 2012 ran away with the lead. Record preconditioning that year with very strong May melt ponding and follow up strong summer dipole pattern. The great Arctic cyclone came during the next 7 days that year.

 

IMG_0725.jpeg.1f2dfb405a3d4f5d1fe406b8b5236747.jpeg

 

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On 8/6/2024 at 3:46 PM, bluewave said:

Area fell into 3rd place behind 2012 and 2020. Loss rates have slowed just enough last week. Plus the next 7 days was when 2012 ran away with the lead. Record preconditioning that year with very strong May melt ponding and follow up strong summer dipole pattern. The great Arctic cyclone came during the next 7 days that year.

 

IMG_0725.jpeg.1f2dfb405a3d4f5d1fe406b8b5236747.jpeg

 

I think this year proves a) how important even a short period of preconditioning in late May-mid June is and b) how with even favorable conditions for most of the melt season, it's getting to the point where even that's not enough. Just repeatedly ingesting these overheated continental airmasses is enough to whittle the remaining pack down.

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On 8/9/2024 at 9:07 PM, csnavywx said:

I think this year proves a) how important even a short period of preconditioning in late May-mid June is and b) how with even favorable conditions for most of the melt season, it's getting to the point where even that's not enough. Just repeatedly ingesting these overheated continental airmasses is enough to whittle the remaining pack down.

It is really impressive to see that we saw such a large area loss with this type of pattern. It was a rather rough mid May to about mid June though.

compday.86I3vgaRoK.gif

compday.DuXNgYxY7z.gif

compday.wua6T443HX.gif

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On 8/9/2024 at 9:07 PM, csnavywx said:

I think this year proves a) how important even a short period of preconditioning in late May-mid June is and b) how with even favorable conditions for most of the melt season, it's getting to the point where even that's not enough. Just repeatedly ingesting these overheated continental airmasses is enough to whittle the remaining pack down.

We have seen this several times since 2012 when a shorter period with a strong dipole caused a steep drop. In order to surpass 2012 we need a more sustained dipole pattern on top of early season preconditioning. The early August extreme drop in 2012 hasn’t been able to be surpassed yet as we have seen again this year. What may eventually happen is that the steadily warming Arctic could eventually allow 2012 to be surpassed with shorter dipole pattern like we had this summer. But the Arctic hasn’t warmed to that point yet. But it will be interesting to see how things go in coming years. There was a recent new paper explaining why 2012 has been so tough to replicate. 
 

https://www.climate.gov/news-features/understanding-climate/five-things-understand-about-ice-free-arctic

Over the course of the entire satellite record, the average rate of Arctic sea ice loss is striking. If one looks at separate parts of the satellite record, different rates of ice loss emerge. Walter Meier has examined these different rates. He says, “From about 2002 to 2012, we had a pretty rapid decline in extent. September extents set new record lows in 2002, 2005, 2007, and 2012. But since 2007, the trend is essentially zero.” Meier cautions that this doesn’t imply any kind of Arctic sea ice recovery, only that 2012 remains the record holder. Greenhouse-gas emissions have continued to climb, so it’s possible that additional factors are at play.

Dániel Topál suspects the principal other factor is natural variability. He doesn’t dispute the relationships between greenhouse-gas emissions, temperature, and sea ice, but he concludes natural variability will affect the timing of an ice-free Arctic to a greater degree than some other researchers have recognized. “Our paper says that models underestimate the atmospheric forcing influence, which is partially externally driven and partially internally driven,” he explains.

catch, Topál explains, is that internal atmospheric variability has a bigger influence on Arctic temperatures than it has on global temperatures. He says, “In reanalyses, Arctic surface temperature trends are influenced by atmospheric circulation at least about 30 percent, but this effect seems to be missing in the models.”

Topál suspects that ocean surface temperature variability as far away as the tropics could affect Arctic sea ice. “That’s probably what’s missing in the models right now. We still don't understand very much about it because our satellite observations are just nearly 50 years long and some of the oscillations in the Pacific can be up to 30 years,” he says.

Even lacking certainty about Pacific oscillations, Topál can highlight natural variability in the Arctic climate, such as the Arctic Oscillation, that affects sea ice. “Atmospheric circulation between 2000 and 2012 was especially in favor of the anticyclonic circulation that increased the chances of rapid ice loss. Since 2013, we've seen a different circulation regime in the Arctic.”

The record-low September 2012 Arctic sea ice minimum is a perfect example of the combination of long-term warming and weather. The minimum that summer was so far below the previous record that it appeared to foretell a grim future for the Arctic; it seemed possible that summer sea ice might decline to nearly nothing perhaps in a matter of years rather than decades. Since 2012, however, Arctic sea ice has not continued a significant decline. Although the September 2020 minimum came within roughly 430,000 square kilometers (170,000 square miles) of the record low, the 2012 record has not yet been matched.

Obviously, 2012 being below average had a lot to do with the long-term trend. But the fact that it was record-low was due to the weather. Not only did Arctic atmospheric circulation favor sea ice decline in 2012, but there was another contributing factor. The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) reported a strong storm centered over the Arctic in August of that year. The storm broke up the Arctic’s sea ice, driving down its extent, although the precise impact of this individual storm remains unclear.

Storms are nothing new in the Arctic Ocean, but their influence on sea ice has grown over time. Dániel Topál says, “Weather events and storms definitely play a huge role. Sea ice is getting younger and younger, thinner and thinner.”

Arctic sea ice is thinning because less ice survives summer melt seasons. Whereas ice that has survived multiple melt seasons is thick, rough, and resistant to melt, younger ice is vulnerable to storm-induced breakups. The same storm, encountering thicker ice, would likely have had less impact.

“I think with the thinner, younger ice that’s in the Arctic now, there is the potential for even more sea ice variability,” Walter Meier says. Several years of [weather] conditions that favor ice growth, or at least ice preservation, would slow the arrival of an ice-free Arctic summer; a few years of extreme melt conditions or a few strong storms could hasten the arrival of ice-free conditions. But, Meier explains, weather conditions can’t be predicted more than about 10 days into the future. Furthermore, scientists don’t have a handle on potential changes in weather systems, such as Arctic storm intensity, that may emerge in coming decades.

 

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14 hours ago, so_whats_happening said:

It is really impressive to see that we saw such a large area loss with this type of pattern. It was a rather rough mid May to about mid June though.

compday.86I3vgaRoK.gif

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yeah not surprised that you and 'csnavywx' have also taken note of this.

the summer AO basal teleconnector state has clearly been positive.   in the canonical sense that's correlated better to ice retention ... not loss.   

it's pretty clearly 'threshold challenging' in my mind.   behavior not matching clad inference that is based upon dense sampling history should be a red flag in every discipline of reality for that matter.  lol   seriously though -

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We had a pretty favorable pattern for preconditioning from late May into mid-June but then it got less favorable late in June....you really want to sustain it longer to have a run at 2012. Still, it was enough to put a top 3 melt season in play as the data showed in my July post.

2012 was exceptionally well-preconditioned. It had like a 300k lead at the end of June on SSMI/S area compared to the cluster right behind it in the rankings which is a huge spread.

 

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1 hour ago, Typhoon Tip said:

How is 'extent' vs 'area' defined ?

 

A simplified way to think of extent versus area is to imagine a slice of swiss cheese. Extent would be a measure of the edges of the slice of cheese and all of the space inside it. Area would be the measure of where there is cheese only, not including the holes.
 

Frequently Asked Questions on Arctic sea ice

 


The block back in June set the all-time record for the highest 500mb heights over that section of the Russian Arctic for the month of June.
 


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On 8/16/2024 at 1:57 PM, bluewave said:

 

A simplified way to think of extent versus area is to imagine a slice of swiss cheese. Extent would be a measure of the edges of the slice of cheese and all of the space inside it. Area would be the measure of where there is cheese only, not including the holes.
 

Frequently Asked Questions on Arctic sea ice

 


The block back in June set the all-time record for the highest 500mb heights over that section of the Russian Arctic for the month of June.
 


IMG_0835.png.9f5ad6bf3bf2d50e7a26b8d25e4c9dbe.png

IMG_0839.png.da7ba65b25edbe8d2487d23f0661a91e.png

IMG_0840.png.7091430fb4979434ed894842ee8e0d90.png

I appreciate the metaphor and thank you BW. It makes a lot more sense and is appreciated at my skill set then I imagine it would be to the professional Meteorologist. Stay well, as always …..

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