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Remnants of Ingrid


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BULLETIN
TROPICAL DEPRESSION TEN ADVISORY NUMBER 1
NWS NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL AL102013
400 PM CDT THU SEP 12 2013

...TROPICAL DEPRESSION FORMS IN THE SOUTHERN GULF OF MEXICO...
...EXTREME RAINFALL EXPECTED OVER PORTIONS OF EASTERN MEXICO...


SUMMARY OF 400 PM CDT...2100 UTC...INFORMATION
----------------------------------------------
LOCATION...19.7N 93.6W
ABOUT 175 MI...280 KM ENE OF VERACRUZ MEXICO
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...35 MPH...55 KM/H
PRESENT MOVEMENT...W OR 270 DEGREES AT 7 MPH...11 KM/H
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...1003 MB...29.62 INCHES


WATCHES AND WARNINGS
--------------------
CHANGES WITH THIS ADVISORY...

THE GOVERNMENT OF MEXICO HAS ISSUED A TROPICAL STORM WARNING FOR THE
GULF COAST OF MEXICO FROM COATZACOALCOS TO BARRA DE NAUTLA.

SUMMARY OF WATCHES AND WARNINGS IN EFFECT...

A TROPICAL STORM WARNING IS IN EFFECT FOR...
* COATZACOALCOS TO BARRA DE NAUTLA

A TROPICAL STORM WARNING MEANS THAT TROPICAL STORM CONDITIONS ARE
EXPECTED SOMEWHERE WITHIN THE WARNING AREA WITHIN 36 HOURS.

FOR STORM INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO YOUR AREA...PLEASE MONITOR
PRODUCTS ISSUED BY YOUR NATIONAL METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE.


DISCUSSION AND 48-HOUR OUTLOOK
------------------------------
AT 400 PM CDT...2100 UTC...THE CENTER OF TROPICAL DEPRESSION TEN WAS
LOCATED BY AN AIR FORCE RESERVE HURRICANE HUNTER AIRCRAFT NEAR
LATITUDE 19.7 NORTH...LONGITUDE 93.6 WEST. THE DEPRESSION IS MOVING
TOWARD THE WEST NEAR 7 MPH...11 KM/H. HOWEVER...A SLOW AND ERRATIC
MOTION IS EXPECTED DURING THE NEXT COUPLE OF DAYS.

MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS ARE NEAR 35 MPH...55 KM/H...WITH HIGHER
GUSTS. SOME STRENGTHENING IS FORECAST DURING THE NEXT 48 HOURS...AND
THE DEPRESSION IS EXPECTED TO BECOME A TROPICAL STORM ON FRIDAY.

THE LATEST MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE REPORTED BY THE AIRCRAFT IS 1003
MB...29.62 INCHES.


HAZARDS AFFECTING LAND
----------------------
RAINFALL...THE DEPRESSION IS EXPECTED TO PRODUCE 10 TO 15 INCHES OF
RAIN OVER A LARGE PART OF EASTERN MEXICO...WITH ISOLATED AMOUNTS
AROUND 25 INCHES POSSIBLE...ESPECIALLY IN AREAS OF MOUNTAINOUS
TERRAIN. THESE RAINS ARE LIKELY TO RESULT IN LIFE-THREATENING FLASH
FLOODS AND MUD SLIDES.

WIND...TROPICAL STORM CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED TO FIRST REACH THE
COAST WITHIN THE WARNING AREA BY FRIDAY.


NEXT ADVISORY
-------------
NEXT INTERMEDIATE ADVISORY...700 PM CDT.
NEXT COMPLETE ADVISORY...1000 PM CDT.

$
FORECASTER AVILA/BRENNAN

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While Humberto was a fairly straightforward forecast, the forecast for TD10 (future Ingrid) is particularly complex.  On one hand, environmental parameters are all favorable: SSTs are warm, ambient RH is high, a presence of large-scale cyclonic vorticity, and modest but decreasing vertical wind shear.  On the other hand, competing vorticity centers within the broader cyclonic gyre - including but not limited to a diurnally-enhanced MCV over Nicaragua and invest 90E in the E Pac - may actually induce shear over TD10 as well as potentially redirect low-level moist enthalpy flux that would otherwise feed into TD10. 

 

I suspect this will be another case of "if it only had another 24 hours over water!" where the greatest rate of intensification occurs within the final 24 h prior to landfall.  Given that we don't yet know the date and time of landfall, this renders making a landfall intensity forecast particularly challenging.  I believe the most likely scenario at this time is an intensifying high-end TS at time of landfall.  However, if 90E fails to develop during the next 36 h and the MCV over Nicaragua dissipates, then perhaps a high-end Cat 1 or even 2 are not out of the books. 

 

Edit to add: The high moisture content associated with abundant mid-level clouds and large cirrus canopy within the monsoon-like gyre should help to limit diurnal convection tomorrow over mainland MX nearby TD10.  However, if convection does become widespread, there is potential for outflow boundaries to race out over the BoC and disrupt the TD10's inflow as well as cool the surface and disrupt surface fluxes.  Just another possible fly in the ointment. 

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While Humberto was a fairly straightforward forecast, the forecast for TD10 (future Ingrid) is particularly complex.  On one hand, environmental parameters are all favorable: SSTs are warm, ambient RH is high, a presence of large-scale cyclonic vorticity, and modest but decreasing vertical wind shear.  On the other hand, competing vorticity centers within the broader cyclonic gyre - including but not limited to a diurnally-enhanced MCV over Nicaragua and invest 90E in the E Pac - may actually induce shear over TD10 as well as potentially redirect low-level moist enthalpy flux that would otherwise feed into TD10. 

 

I suspect this will be another case of "if it only had another 24 hours over water!" where the greatest rate of intensification occurs within the final 24 h prior to landfall.  Given that we don't yet know the date and time of landfall, this renders making a landfall intensity forecast particularly challenging.  I believe the most likely scenario at this time is an intensifying high-end TS at time of landfall.  However, if 90E fails to develop during the next 36 h and the MCV over Nicaragua dissipates, then perhaps a high-end Cat 1 or even 2 are not out of the books. 

 

Edit to add: The high moisture content associated with abundant mid-level clouds and large cirrus canopy within the monsoon-like gyre should help to limit diurnal convection tomorrow over mainland MX nearby TD10.  However, if convection does become widespread, there is potential for outflow boundaries to race out over the BoC and disrupt the TD10's inflow as well as cool the surface and disrupt surface fluxes.  Just another possible fly in the ointment. 

 

I'm with you all the way Will... the number one fly in the ointment is related to the competing mesovorticies within the larger CA gyre. It's especially challenging given the added influence of terrain doing a decent job separating the inflow of 90E from the inflow of TD10I also agree the greatest intensification rate should be in the final 24 hours before landfall... but given that landfall could occur anywhere between 36 hours and 96 hours, its really hard to pin how strong TD10 will get.

 

If Josh is looking for a worthy chase, I'd be rooting for TD10 to become a dominant vortex quickly and that it also takes its time with the westward progression. 

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I'm with you all the way Will... the number one fly in the ointment is related to the competing mesovorticies within the larger CA gyre. It's especially challenging given the added influence of terrain doing a decent job separating the inflow of 90E from the inflow of TD10I also agree the greatest intensification rate should be in the final 24 hours before landfall... but given that landfall could occur anywhere between 36 hours and 96 hours, its really hard to pin how strong TD10 will get.

 

If Josh is looking for a worthy chase, I'd be rooting for TD10 to become a dominant vortex quickly and that it also takes its time with the westward progression. 

 

 

Haha, always good to hear we're on the same page Phil, even if the only thing we're sure of is that it's a tricky forecast :)

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One thing that will be nice for a change is the near constant influx of recon observations (both from the Air Force and NOAA, plus some special dropsondes from the environmental global hawk)

 

000
NOUS42 KNHC 121519
REPRPD
WEATHER RECONNAISSANCE FLIGHTS
CARCAH, NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER, MIAMI, FL.
1120 AM EDT THU 12 SEPTEMBER 2013
SUBJECT: TROPICAL CYCLONE PLAN OF THE DAY (TCPOD)
VALID 13/1100Z TO 14/1100Z SEPTEMBER 2013
TCPOD NUMBER.....13-103

I. ATLANTIC REQUIREMENTS
1. DEVELOPING SYSTEM (BAY OF CAMPECHE)

FLIGHT 0NE --NOAA 49-

A. 13/1600Z

B. NOAA9 0310A CYCLONE

C. 13/1300Z 

D. 20.0N 94.5W 

E. NA

F. 41,000 TO 45,000 FT 

 

- FLIGHT TWO --NOAA 43--
A. 13/2100Z
B. NOAA3 0410A CYCLONE
C. 13/1800Z
D. 20.0N 94.5W
E. NA
F. SFC TO 15,000 FT

FLIGHT THREE --TEAL 72--

A. 14/0000Z 

B. AFXXX 0510A CYCLONE 

C. 13/2100Z

D. 20.0N 94.5W

E. 13/2300Z TO 14/0300Z

F. SFC TO 15,000 FT  

 

FLIGHT FOUR --NOAA 42--
A. 14/1200Z
B. NOAA2 0610A CYCLONE
C. 14/0600Z
D. 20.0N 94.5W
E. 14/0830Z TO 14/1130Z
F. SFC TO 15,000 FT

FLIGHT FIVE --TEAL 73--
A. 14/1200Z
B. AFXXX 0710A CYCLONE
C. 14/0900Z
D. 20.4N 94.5W
E. 14/1130Z TO 14/1500Z
F. SFC TO 15,000 FT

2. SUCCEEDING DAY OUTLOOK:
A. CONTINUE 12-HRLY FIXES.
B. P-3 FLIGHTS AT 14/1800Z AND 15/0600Z
C. A G-IV FLIGHT AT 14/1300Z

3. REMARKS:
A. GLOBAL HAWK 872(55-65 KFT) MISSION DEPARTING AT 13/1100Z
INTO THIS SYSTEM...RELEASING 66 DROPSONDES.
B. ER-2 (60-65 KFT) AND DC-8 (1-35 KFT) MISSIONS DEPARTING
AT 13/1330Z INTO THIS SYSTEM.

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1000 mb with 45 kt winds in the N Quad. TS upgrade imminent

 

Flight news:
This thing is going to be the most watched TC genesis in history. (Karl of 2010 was already a TC). I'm not sure where the funding for the  DC-8 or the ER-2 is coming from or even what instruments there are using. The over storm Global Hawk is in the repair shop till Monday. Maybe they called down to Houston (where the DC-8 and the ER-2 are based) and told them to get out there with what sensing equipment they currently have loaded (they just came off an air quality mission) and get down there in tandem with the dropsonde global hawk.

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While Humberto was a fairly straightforward forecast, the forecast for TD10 (future Ingrid) is particularly complex.  On one hand, environmental parameters are all favorable: SSTs are warm, ambient RH is high, a presence of large-scale cyclonic vorticity, and modest but decreasing vertical wind shear.  On the other hand, competing vorticity centers within the broader cyclonic gyre - including but not limited to a diurnally-enhanced MCV over Nicaragua and invest 90E in the E Pac - may actually induce shear over TD10 as well as potentially redirect low-level moist enthalpy flux that would otherwise feed into TD10. 

 

I suspect this will be another case of "if it only had another 24 hours over water!" where the greatest rate of intensification occurs within the final 24 h prior to landfall.  Given that we don't yet know the date and time of landfall, this renders making a landfall intensity forecast particularly challenging.  I believe the most likely scenario at this time is an intensifying high-end TS at time of landfall.  However, if 90E fails to develop during the next 36 h and the MCV over Nicaragua dissipates, then perhaps a high-end Cat 1 or even 2 are not out of the books. 

 

Edit to add: The high moisture content associated with abundant mid-level clouds and large cirrus canopy within the monsoon-like gyre should help to limit diurnal convection tomorrow over mainland MX nearby TD10.  However, if convection does become widespread, there is potential for outflow boundaries to race out over the BoC and disrupt the TD10's inflow as well as cool the surface and disrupt surface fluxes.  Just another possible fly in the ointment. 

 

 

Despite the fact that TD10 is named and 90E is still labelled as an invest, it's becoming increasingly clear now that 90E is winning the battle so far - at least in terms of circulation (or area-average vorticity, where vorticity is in orange).  The combination of low-level easterlies associated with 90E and upper-level westerlies associated with an upper-level low over northern MX / south TX continues to shear 90E from the west (yellow contours and streamlines). 

 

Also note that remnant low-level vorticity associated with an MCV over Nicaragua yesterday has not dissipated, and has lifted northward over Honduras and is emerging over the W Caribbean.  This will not make things any easier for TD10 to contract. 

 

The odds of TD10 becoming a hurricane have decreased. 

 

post-378-0-04428900-1379083885_thumb.gif

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BTW it's TS Ingrid now:

TROPICAL STORM INGRID DISCUSSION NUMBER   4NWS NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL       AL1020131000 AM CDT FRI SEP 13 2013SATELLITE IMAGERY INDICATES THAT THE CONVECTION HAS INCREASED INSIZE...BUT IT HAS NOT CHANGED VERY MUCH IN ORGANIZATION. ARECONNAISSANCE PLANE...HOWEVER...REPORTED FLIGHT-LEVEL WINDS OF 45KNOTS WHEN IT DEPARTED THE CYCLONE...ALONG WITH BIAS-CORRECTED SFMRWINDS OF 42 KT. THE INITIAL INTENSITY HAS BEEN ADJUSTED UPWARD TO40 KNOTS...AND A NAME HAS BEEN ASSIGNED TO THE SYSTEM. THE CENTRALPRESSURE IS QUITE LOW...AND THERE IS A WELL-ESTABLISHED LOW-LEVELCIRCULATION. ASSUMING THAT THE SHEAR DECREASES DURING THE NEXT 48HOURS OR SO...THE NHC FORECAST CALLS FOR GRADUAL STRENGTHENING.ALTHOUGH THE NHC 48-HOUR FORECAST CALLS FOR 55 KT...INGRID COULD BEA LITTLE STRONGER THAN THAT AT LANDFALL. THE INTENSITY FORECAST ISA LITTLE BIT ABOVE THE MODEL CONSENSUS.AS ANTICIPATED...THE CYCLONE HAS BEEN DRIFTING WESTWARD OR MOVINGERRATICALLY. AS SOON AS THE MID-LEVEL RIDGE CURRENTLY LOCATED OVERTEXAS...AND WHICH HAS THE CYCLONE TRAPPED IN THE BAY OF CAMPECHE...SHIFTS EASTWARD...INGRID WILL BEGIN TO MOVE TOWARD THENORTH-NORTHWEST AND THEN NORTHWESTWARD VERY NEAR THE COAST OFMEXICO. THE TRACK GUIDANCE IS NOT IN GOOD AGREEMENT. THE HWRF MOVESTHE CYCLONE INLAND IN ABOUT A DAY WHILE THE ECMWF FORECASTS A MORENORTHERLY TRACK...KEEPING THE CYCLONE OVER WATER LONGER.EVENTUALLY...ALL MODELS TURN THE CYCLONE TOWARD THE COAST OF MEXICOAND BRING THE CYCLONE INLAND BETWEN 2 AND 3 DAYS.IT MUST BE EMPHASIZED THAT THIS WEATHER PATTERN WILL PRODUCETORRENTIAL RAINS. THE MAIN HAZARD FROM THIS CYCLONE IN THE NEXTCOUPLE OF DAYS WILL BE LIFE-THREATENING FLOODING OVER EASTERNMEXICO.FORECAST POSITIONS AND MAX WINDSINIT  13/1500Z 19.4N  95.3W   40 KT  45 MPH 12H  14/0000Z 19.5N  95.4W   40 KT  45 MPH 24H  14/1200Z 20.5N  95.7W   45 KT  50 MPH 36H  15/0000Z 21.3N  96.0W   50 KT  60 MPH 48H  15/1200Z 22.0N  97.0W   55 KT  65 MPH 72H  16/1200Z 23.0N  99.0W   35 KT  40 MPH...INLAND 96H  17/1200Z 23.0N 100.0W   20 KT  25 MPH...POST-TROP/REMNT LOW120H  18/1200Z...DISSIPATED$$FORECASTER AVILA
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