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110F Days in the Midwest


Hoosier

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In this thread I will post a list of 110F+ days that have been documented in IL/IN/KY/OH/WI/MI from roughly 1890-present. Obviously there are issues with reporting sites going away/being added, relocations, changes in equipment, measuring height etc over the years so bear that in mind. The results are pretty much what you'd expect with a sharp decrease in days as you move north and east, farther away from the source region of brutally hot airmasses. Many of these days occurred in the midst of very significant drought.

Much of this data was retrieved from the NCDC website with NOWData also used to fill in some gaps.

# of 110+ degree days by state:

Illinois: 37

Kentucky: 31

Indiana: 24

Ohio: 9

Wisconsin: 7

Michigan: 2

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Illinois

date/highest temp/location of highest temp

August 21, 1900 - max temp: 111F, St. John

July 11, 1901 - max temp: 112F, Centralia

July 21, 1901 - max temp: 112F, Ottawa

July 22, 1901 - max temp: 115F, Centralia

July 23, 1901 - max temp: 113F, Centralia

July 24, 1901 - max temp: 111F, Bushnell

August 4, 1918 - max temp: 112F, Hillsboro

August 5, 1918 - max temp: 110F, Equality

July 27, 1930 - max temp: 110F, multiple locations

July 28, 1930 - max temp: 112F, multiple locations

August 8, 1930 - max temp: 112F, Du Quoin

August 9, 1930 - max temp: 113F, multiple locations

July 19, 1934 - max temp: 111F, multiple locations

July 20, 1934 - max temp: 113F, multiple locations

July 21, 1934 - max temp: 111F, multiple locations

July 22, 1934 - max temp: 110F, multiple locations

July 23, 1934 - max temp: 113F, multiple locations

July 24, 1934 - max temp: 114F, Sparta

July 25, 1934 - max temp: 113F, multiple locations

August 8, 1934 - max temp: 111F, multiple locations

August 9, 1934 - max temp: 113F, La Harpe

July 7, 1936 - max temp: 111F, McLeansboro

July 8, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Olney

July 11, 1936 - max temp: 110F, multiple locations

July 12, 1936 - max temp: 115F, Greenville

July 13, 1936 - max temp: 113F, multiple locations

July 14, 1936 - max temp: 114F, multiple locations

July 15, 1936 - max temp: 114F, multiple locations

July 16, 1936 - max temp: 111F, Quincy

August 17, 1936 - max temp: 111F, Mt. Vernon

August 18, 1936 - max temp: 110F, multiple locations

August 27, 1936 - max temp: 111F, McLeansboro

July 12, 1954 - max temp: 115F, East St. Louis

July 14, 1954 - max temp: 117F, East St. Louis

July 15, 1954 - max temp: 112F, Jerseyville

July 18, 1954 - max temp: 113F, multiple locations

July 20, 1954 - max temp: 110F, Quincy

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Kentucky

date/highest temp/location of highest temp

July 22, 1901 - max temp: 111F, Paducah

July 23, 1901 - max temp: 112F, Paducah

August 10, 1918 - max temp: 110F, Greenville

August 11, 1918 - max temp: 111F, multiple locations

September 6, 1925 - max temp: 110F, Beaver Dam

July 11, 1930 - max temp: 110F, Mayfield

July 12, 1930 - max temp: 111F, Lovelaceville

July 27, 1930 - max temp: 110F, multiple locations

July 28, 1930 - max temp: 114F, Greensburg

August 5, 1930 - max temp: 113F, St. John

August 6, 1930 - max temp: 113F, St. John

August 8, 1930 - max temp: 112F, Lovelaceville

August 9, 1930 - max temp: 112F, multiple locations

July 22, 1934 - max temp: 110F, Williamstown

July 24, 1934 - max temp: 110F, Williamstown

July 25, 1934 - max temp: 110F, Williamstown

June 29, 1936 - max temp: 110F, St. John

July 7, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Henderson

July 10, 1936 - max temp: 110F, St. John

July 12, 1936 - max temp: 112F, Henderson

July 13, 1936 - max temp: 113F, Henderson

July 15, 1936 - max temp: 111F, multiple locations

July 27, 1952 - max temp: 110F, Princeton

July 28, 1952 - max temp: 110F, Murray

June 29, 2012 - max temp: 110F, Bowling Green

June 30, 2012 - max temp: 111F, Nolin River Lake

July 1, 2012 - max temp: 110F, Nolin River Lake

July 6, 2012 - max temp: 111F, Nolin River Lake

July 7, 2012 - max temp: 110F, multiple locations

July 8, 2012 - max temp: 110F, multiple locations

July 9, 2012 - max temp: 110F, Nolin River Lake

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Indiana

date/highest temp/location of highest temp

July 22, 1901 - max temp: 112F, Salem

July 12, 1914 - max temp: 112F, Shoals

July 27, 1930 - max temp: 110F, Freelandville

July 28, 1930 - max temp: 113F, Washington

July 20, 1934 - max temp: 112F, Collegeville

July 21, 1934 - max temp: 113F, Collegeville

July 22, 1934 - max temp: 112F, multiple locations

July 23, 1934 - max temp: 112F, multiple locations

July 24, 1934 - max temp: 112F, Collegeville

July 25, 1934 - max temp: 111F, Collegeville

July 26, 1934 - max temp: 112F, Salamonia

June 29, 1936 - max temp: 111F, multiple locations

July 7, 1936 - max temp: 110F, multiple locations

July 8, 1936 - max temp: 112F, Collegeville

July 9, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Seymour

July 10, 1936 - max temp: 112F, Wheatfield

July 11, 1936 - max temp: 111F, Wheatfield

July 12, 1936 - max temp: 112F, Wheatfield

July 13, 1936 - max temp: 113F, multiple locations

July 14, 1936 - max temp: 116F, Collegeville

July 15, 1936 - max temp: 112F, Seymour

August 21, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Seymour

August 22, 1936 - max temp: 111F, Seymour

August 28, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Shoals

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Ohio

date/highest temp/location of highest temp

July 4, 1897 - max temp: 113F, Thurman

August 6, 1918 - max temp: 110F, Amesville

July 21, 1934 - max temp: 113F, Gallipolis

July 22, 1934 - max temp: 110F, Hamilton

July 24, 1934 - max temp: 111F, Hamilton

July 25, 1934 - max temp: 112F, Gallipolis

July 10, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Bowling Green

July 14, 1936 - max temp: 111F, Paulding

August 6, 1947 - max temp: 111F, Napoleon

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Wisconsin

date/highest temp/location of highest temp

July 21, 1901 - max temp: 111F, Brodhead

July 22, 1901 - max temp: 110F, Prairie du Chien

July 7, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Meadow Valley

July 11, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Spooner

July 12, 1936 - max temp: 113F, Stanley

July 13, 1936 - max temp: 114F, Wisconsin Dells

July 14, 1936 - max temp: 113F, Wisconsin Dells

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Here is the approximate coverage of 110+ readings on a notoriously hot day in history...July 14, 1936. I tried to reflect some of the nuances but it's not perfect. Almost every site within the 110F area registered 110+ degree temps and a few locations outside the area recorded 110F, such as northern WI/eastern IN/western OH. The 116F in Collegeville, IN is one of just a handful of readings in excess of 115F to be recorded east of the Mississippi River.

post-14-0-01853200-1354927144_thumb.png

Selected highs:

Collegeville, IN - 116F

Mt. Vernon, IL - 114F

Shoals, IN - 114F

Sparta, IL - 114F

Greenville, IL - 113F

La Salle, IL - 113F

McLeansboro, IL - 113F

Wisconsin Dells, WI - 113F

Carbondale, IL - 112F

Carlinville, IL - 112F

Danville, IL - 112F

Delphi, IN - 112F

Elliston, IN - 112F

Freeport, IL - 112F

Hancock, WI - 112F

Harrisburg, IL - 112F

Havana, IL - 112F

Lincoln, IL - 112F

Palestine, IL - 112F

Rockford, IL - 112F

Salamonia, IN - 112F

Seymour, IN - 112F

Veedersburg, IN - 112F

Wheatfield, IN - 112F

Whitestown, IN - 112F

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Here's another very hot day...July 14, 1954. Out of the states focused on in this thread, Illinois was the only state to record temps above 110F. Illinois' all-time record high of 117F occurred on this date at East St. Louis.

post-14-0-78039800-1354928125_thumb.png

What makes this event kinda neat is that the hourly obs are available. Here is one showing SPI above 110F:

METAR KSPI 142000Z 25014KT 15SM CLR 44/16 A//// RMK SLP068 T04390161

bonus ob from St Louis showing 113F (they hit 115F officially):

METAR KSTL 142200Z 22003KT 15SM SCT/// 45/16 A//// RMK SLP068 T04500156

Selected highs from Illinois:

East St. Louis - 117F

Griggsville - 115F

Pana - 115F

Hillsboro - 114F

Jacksonville - 114F

Palestine - 114F

Virden - 114F

Carlyle - 113F

Decatur - 113F

Tuscola - 113F

Carlinville - 112F

Jerseyville - 112F

Newton - 112F

Quincy - 112F

Springfield - 112F

Vandalia - 112F

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It makes you wonder that with today's farming practices and genetically modified drought resistant crops if it's feasible to get some of these temps again. I'd imagine temps this past summer would have been much hotter had the crops been of the same variety as 80+ years ago.

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It makes you wonder that with today's farming practices and genetically modified drought resistant crops if it's feasible to get some of these temps again. I'd imagine temps this past summer would have been much hotter had the crops been of the same variety as 80+ years ago.

I'm not sure what the forest cover in Mio was like when they set the states record high temp.

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I'm not sure what the forest cover in Mio was like when they set the states record high temp.

That record would have just been after the lumber industry wiped northern Michigan clear of forests. That area was probably a barren wasteland aiding those ridiculous temps. This part of the state does well in some downsloping heat events, but with mature forests here now you'll never see the temps like that again.

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That record would have just been after the lumber industry wiped northern Michigan clear of forests. That area was probably a barren wasteland aiding those ridiculous temps. This part of the state does well in some downsloping heat events, but with mature forests here now you'll never see the temps like that again.

I thought that section was cut in the mid 1800s.

Jon

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It makes you wonder that with today's farming practices and genetically modified drought resistant crops if it's feasible to get some of these temps again. I'd imagine temps this past summer would have been much hotter had the crops been of the same variety as 80+ years ago.

I've wondered that too. Many places saw their highest temps in years during this past summer (some had their highest since the 1950s or 1930s) but generally speaking the extreme temp records from the Dust Bowl were not broken. It seems reasonable to think that the changes in farming technology could help reduce the chance...then again, if a drought more severe than the Dust Bowl comes along...?

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I've wondered that too. Many places saw their highest temps in years during this past summer (some had their highest since the 1950s or 1930s) but generally speaking the extreme temp records from the Dust Bowl were not broken. It seems reasonable to think that the changes in farming technology could help reduce the chance...then again, if a drought more severe than the Dust Bowl comes along...?

I think the crop technology does have an effect, to a point. I think during an extreme drought the negative feedback is reduced however. Once the crops dry out and basically die off in mid summer their impacts on the ambient airmass probably decline.

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Of course North Dakota isn't really in the Midwest...but the 121 degree temp on 7/7/1936 in Steele ND is noteworthy. Can we simply chalk that up to the dust bowl, like so many other temperature records from the 1930s? Either way, it makes you wonder what type of atmospheric set-up could cause such a hot temperature so far north.

Source: http://www.minotdail...1.html?nav=5576

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Of course North Dakota isn't really in the Midwest...but the 121 degree temp on 7/7/1936 in Steele ND is noteworthy. Can we simply chalk that up to the dust bowl, like so many other temperature records from the 1930s? Either way, it makes you wonder what type of atmospheric set-up could cause such a hot temperature so far north.

Source: http://www.minotdail...1.html?nav=5576

Looking at the maps from that day, it looks like they may have had a good downsloping setup (just a guess...I don't know much about the weather out there). That combined with the ambient airmass and drought could be why it got so hot.

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Indiana

date/highest temp/location of highest temp

July 22, 1901 - max temp: 112F, Salem

July 12, 1914 - max temp: 112F, Shoals

July 27, 1930 - max temp: 110F, Freelandville

July 28, 1930 - max temp: 113F, Washington

July 20, 1934 - max temp: 112F, Collegeville

July 21, 1934 - max temp: 113F, Collegeville

July 22, 1934 - max temp: 112F, multiple locations

July 23, 1934 - max temp: 112F, multiple locations

July 24, 1934 - max temp: 112F, Collegeville

July 25, 1934 - max temp: 111F, Collegeville

July 26, 1934 - max temp: 112F, Salamonia

June 29, 1936 - max temp: 111F, multiple locations

July 7, 1936 - max temp: 110F, multiple locations

July 8, 1936 - max temp: 112F, Collegeville

July 9, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Seymour

July 10, 1936 - max temp: 112F, Wheatfield

July 11, 1936 - max temp: 111F, Wheatfield

July 12, 1936 - max temp: 112F, Wheatfield

July 13, 1936 - max temp: 113F, multiple locations

July 14, 1936 - max temp: 116F, Collegeville

July 15, 1936 - max temp: 112F, Seymour

August 21, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Seymour

August 22, 1936 - max temp: 111F, Seymour

August 28, 1936 - max temp: 110F, Shoals

Interesting that nine of those high temperatures were recorded in Jasper County. How many stations existed in Indiana circa the 1930's?

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That record would have just been after the lumber industry wiped northern Michigan clear of forests. That area was probably a barren wasteland aiding those ridiculous temps. This part of the state does well in some downsloping heat events, but with mature forests here now you'll never see the temps like that again.

Excellent points. But most of the pine forests north of Bay City were leveled in the 1880s. By the 1930s sucsessive regenerated forests were young but around It was not a complete barren waste land as most of the hardwoods were left. But it was a substantial loss. Sad stuff and eventually aided in a ecological disaster of destructive million acre firess that created the public outcry of conservation and forestry.

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Excellent points. But most of the pine forests north of Bay City were leveled in the 1880s. By the 1930s sucsessive regenerated forests were young but around It was not a complete barren waste land as most of the hardwoods were left. But it was a substantial loss. Sad stuff and eventually aided in a ecological disaster of destructive million acre firess that created the public outcry of conservation and forestry.

Yup, I think by the 1910's the last of the logging in the UP was being done. The lower was pretty much clearcut well before 1890, amazing how nicely it regrew in northern lower.

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Yup, I think by the 1910's the last of the logging in the UP was being done. The lower was pretty much clearcut well before 1890, amazing how nicely it regrew in northern lower.

Some of the regenerated pine forests are pushing 120-140 yrs old. Best examples are around the pigeon river area in Otsego county and the Huron National forest. But back on topic these woods might not be able to prevent massive heatwaves.

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Just catching up on some thread reading in this sub-forum this afternoon ... great idea for a thread, Hoosier. This reminded me that I certainly hope never again to experience such a torrid summer as 2012.

I do have some comments on the relationship between land cover and extremes. Having dabbled in this as a meteorology undergraduate at Northern Illinois University and talked with Dave Changnon, a professor at NIU who has done research into this, I can say that there is a strong suggestion (documented in the refereed literature) that changes in agricultural practices since the 1930's or so have led to changes in atmospheric moisture levels and, consequently, extreme-temperature climatology. In particular, soybeans and especially corn are efficient at transpiration. Advances in agricultural technology have allowed for soybeans and corn to be planted much more densely than it would have been planted in, say, the 1930's or earlier. Also, at least in the central and upper Midwest, corn and soybeans are planted to the near exclusion of other crops nowadays because of government subsidies and certain other economic factors. Indeed, many years ago, crops like wheat, barley, and oats were raised in northern Illinois. These other crops are not as efficient at transpiration. Furthermore, modern crops are drought-resistant to the extent that they are not generally total failures during most drought situations. That is, even in most droughts in modern times, these crops remain a factor in evapotranspiration. (Of course, this summer put this maxim to the test in many areas.) The net effect of these changes in agriculture has been to allow for a substantial increase in summer-time atmospheric-moisture levels over the corn and bean belts of the Midwest. All else equal, since more moist air has a higher heat capacity than less moist air, it heats up less for a given energy input. This increase in atmospheric moisture may be one explanation (or part of an explanation) for why extreme-high daytime temperatures have been occurring with decreasing frequency in much of the corn and bean belts since the 1930's -- not just temperatures in the 100's and 110's but even temperatures in the 90's. As has been alluded, it is important to realize that there may be other background climate factors at play.

As for the lumber boom in Michigan, it peaked around 1890. However, most of these forests were re-planted during the 1930's by workers with the Civilian Conservation Corps (which was a New Deal program). Therefore, most of these areas were quite barren during the 1930's. And, it is a reasonable, supported thesis that this lack of forest cover may have helped to permit temperatures higher than were otherwise possible during the 1930's in portions of Michigan. Indeed, some work in a paper in the refereed literature by Ramankutty and Foley (1989) in the journal Global Biogeochemical Cycles suggests that forest cover is very important to moderating temperatures in much of the eastern United States.

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