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February 28-29 Severe Threat


Hoosier

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Not particularly excited about this threat but in order to keep it separated from the winter talk, here we go.

Good model agreement on a rather deep low moving into the upper Midwest, which will occlude and bring at least a low end severe weather threat especially on Wednesday. Latest runs of the NAM and GFS bring some CAPE into the region although it is rather marginal with the NAM being the most aggressive. Forecast soundings across the Ohio Valley on Wednesday morning show strong deep layer flow with aforementioned modest CAPE, and somewhat of a stable layer near the surface. Wind looks like the highest threat but the magnitude will be dependent on how efficient that near surface stable layer is. A severe threat may continue into the afternoon. Could envision a slight risk as we get closer, especially for areas south of I-70.

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IND

ALTHOUGH MODELS DO NOT YET PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT INSTABILITY TUESDAY NIGHT...OTHER INDICES AND SREF POST PROCESSED GUIDANCE...ALONG WITH VERY STRONG LOW LEVEL WIND FIELDS...SUGGEST THUNDER IS A SIGNIFICANT THREAT TUESDAY NIGHT...WITH A MUCH LOWER BUT NONZERO THREAT TUESDAY AFTERNOON AS WELL. WE ARE NOT YET OUTLOOKED FOR SEVERE...BUT IF WAA/MOISTURE TRANSPORT IS ENOUGH TO ALLOW INSTABILITY TO DEVELOP...STRONGLY SHEARED ATMOSPHERE WOULD PROMOTE A SEVERE WEATHER THREAT. WILL HAVE TO MONITOR CLOSELY AS THE WEEK PROGRESSES.

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LMK

THE BIGGEST QUESTION IS WHETHER THERE WILL BE  SURFACE-BASED CONVECTION, AND THE ASSOCIATED SEVERE THREAT. SPC DAY  3 SLIGHT RISK IS WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI, BUT THE PROBABILITIES  EXTEND WELL INTO WEST-CENTRAL KENTUCKY. MODEL SOUNDINGS ARE STABLE,  BUT TEMPS ARE TOO COOL. OUR FORECAST IS A FEW DEGREES WARMER, BUT  MAY STILL NOT BE WARM ENOUGH, IN WHICH CASE THE SEVERE THREAT WOULD  BE MORE SUBSTANTIAL. WILL NOT PLAY IT UP JUST YET BUT THE DYNAMICS  ARE ENOUGH TO WARRANT MENTION OF GUSTY WINDS IN THE HWO.

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ILX:

AT THIS TIME...IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THE WARM SECTOR WILL MAKE IT

ANY FURTHER NORTH THAN SOUTHEASTERN IL BEFORE THE OCCLUDED COLD

FRONT PUSHES THROUGH AROUND 06Z WED. THIS WILL IMPACT THE POTENTIAL

FOR SEVERE WEATHER...WITH THE GREATER INSTABILITY RESTRICTED TO THE

SOUTH AND MORE FAVORABLE WIND FIELDS FURTHER NORTH NEAR THE LOW

WHICH IS FORECAST TO MOVE ACROSS NORTHERN IA INTO WI TUESDAY NIGHT.

SUFFICIENT BULK SHEAR AND HELICITY WILL EXIST FOR ROTATING UPDRAFTS

IF STORMS CAN TAP INTO THE BOUNDARY LAYER...BUT THIS BECOMES LESS

LIKELY FURTHER NORTH OF THE WARM FRONT. THERE SHOULD BE AT LEAST

SOME ELEVATED INSTABILITY FOR STRONG CONVECTION WHICH WILL HAVE THE

POTENTIAL FOR HAIL AND STRONG WINDS.

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Looks mainly like a forced squall line/mcs type scenario but the 00z NAM brings in 500-1000 ml cape into a good chunk of Indiana and Ohio. As has been the case this year, the models tend to underestimate temperatures with these type of storms and in turn underestimate instability.

00z NAM brings mid 50's dewpoints up to LAF-CMH.

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DAY 3 CONVECTIVE OUTLOOK

NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK

0228 AM CST MON FEB 27 2012

VALID 291200Z - 011200Z

...THERE IS A SLGT RISK OF SVR TSTMS PORTIONS OH VALLEY STATES TO

NRN MS/NRN AL/NRN GA/CAROLINAS...

...SYNOPSIS...

PROGRESSIVE UPPER-AIR PATTERN FCST TO CONTINUE ACROSS NRN/WRN CONUS

THROUGH PERIOD. LEADING STG SHORTWAVE TROUGH...AND EMBEDDED 500-MB

LOW...ARE FCST TO MOVE FROM MN/IA BORDER REGION EWD ACROSS LOWER MI

AND LE TO SERN ONT...WRN NY...WRN PA AND WV BY END OF PERIOD. SFC

AND MIDLEVEL LOWS WILL BE NEARLY COLLOCATED...THOUGH

OCCLUSION/TRIPLE-POINT LOW SHOULD FORM OVER OR JUST OFFSHORE NJ

DURING 1/06-1/12Z TIME FRAME. SFC COLD FRONT SHOULD MOVE UP OH

VALLEY AND EWD INTO CENTRAL/SRN APPALACHIANS...WHILE TRAILING

SEGMENT MORE SLOWLY CROSSES PORTIONS MS/AL/NRN LA AND SE TX. SVR

POTENTIAL WILL BE FOCUSED ALONG/AHEAD OF THIS FRONT IN OUTLINED

AREA. SWRN-MOST PORTION OF FRONT SHOULD BECOME DIFFUSE AND STALL

OVER S TX LATE IN PERIOD...AS WAA REGIME INTENSIFIES ACROSS PLAINS

STATES IN ADVANCE OF NEXT SUBSTANTIAL MID-UPPER PERTURBATION.

SHORTWAVE TROUGH OVER BERING SEA ATTM SHOULD COMBINE WITH UPSTREAM

SPEED MAX AND AMPLIFY...WHILE MOVING SEWD ACROSS NERN PAC AND INTO

PAC NW DAYS 1-2. BY START OF DAY-3 PERIOD...EXPECT SYNOPTIC-SCALE

TROUGHING TO DEVELOP OVER WRN CONUS...BRACKETED BY BROAD AREA OF

CYCLONIC FLOW COVERING ALMOST ALL OF CONUS W OF 100W. LEE TROUGHING

WILL OCCUR OVER SRN...CENTRAL AND NRN HIGH PLAINS...THOUGH MOISTURE

RETURN INTO THIS REGIME SHOULD BE TOO SCANT TO SUPPORT SVR POTENTIAL

UNTIL AFTER PERIOD.

...OH VALLEY TO LOWER MS VALLEY AND AL...

BAND OF STG-SVR TSTMS MAY BE ONGOING EARLY IN PERIOD OVER WRN

PORTIONS OUTLOOK AREA...AND SHOULD INTENSIFY/REORGANIZE DURING DAY

AS FOREGOING AIR MASS DESTABILIZES. MAIN SVR MODE SHOULD BE

DAMAGING WIND...THOUGH A FEW TORNADOES AND MRGL-SVR HAIL ARE

POSSIBLE.

BOUNDARY-LAYER AIR MASS IS FCST TO DESTABILIZE DIURNALLY AHEAD OF

FRONT...FROM OH VALLEY SWWD ACROSS TN VALLEY REGION TO PORTIONS

LA/MS. ALTHOUGH LAPSE RATES ALOFT WILL BE MRGL...PRIND LOW-LEVEL

MOISTURE/HEATING WILL BE SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT PREFRONTAL CORRIDOR

OF 500-1000 J/KG MLCAPE FROM NRN PORTIONS MS/AL AT LEAST AS FAR NE

AS CENTRAL/SRN OH. ALTHOUGH DIRECTIONAL SHEAR WILL BE LACKING...STG

LOW-MIDDLE LEVEL SPEED SHEAR WILL LENGTHEN HODOGRAPHS AND CONTRIBUTE

TO FAVORABLE SRH FOR QUASI-LINEAR CONVECTIVE CIRCULATIONS AND/OR

EMBEDDED SUPERCELLS. ORGANIZED SVR POTENTIAL IS EXPECTED TO

DECREASE WITH SWD EXTENT ALONG/AHEAD OF FRONT TOWARD GULF

COAST...DESPITE GREATER SFC DEW POINTS. WITH UPPER PERTURBATION AND

RELATED ISALLOBARIC FORCING MOVING AWAY WELL NE OF LOWER DELTA

REGION...SFC FLOW WILL VEER/WEAKEN WITH TIME...REDUCING BOTH

LOW-LEVEL CONVERGENCE AND VERTICAL SHEAR.

...CAROLINAS/OVERNIGHT...

SECONDARY RELATIVE MAX IN SVR POTENTIAL MAY OCCUR AFTER DARK ACROSS

SRN PIEDMONT/COASTAL PLAIN REGION...MAINLY OVER CAROLINAS. THIS MAY

TAKE FORM OF NEW DEVELOPMENT OR CONTINUATION OF ACTIVITY FROM NRN

PORTIONS GA/AL. MAIN UNCERTAINTY ATTM...ESPECIALLY WITH NEWD EXTENT

OVER CAROLINAS...WILL BE HOW MUCH EROSION OF SHALLOW/STABLE LAYER

NEAR SFC WILL TAKE PLACE AND PERMIT DAMAGING GUSTS TO REACH SFC.

FCST SOUNDINGS SUGGEST EFFECTIVE SFC-BASED PARCELS ARE

POSSIBLE....SO WILL INCLUDE CATEGORICAL-CRITERIA PROBABILITIES IN

DEFERENCE TO INTENSITY OF WIND FIELDS AND LIKELIHOOD OF AT LEAST

MRGLLY FAVORABLE MOISTURE AT AND JUST ABOVE SFC. SRN FRINGE OF

MID-UPPER HEIGHT FALLS WITH GREAT-LAKES CYCLONE WILL BRUSH ACROSS

THIS AREA DURING 1/03Z-1/09Z TIME FRAME. THIS WILL OVERLAP SOME

PERIOD OF FAVORABLE LOW-LEVEL AND DEEP-LAYER SPEED SHEAR BEFORE

PREFRONTAL SFC FLOW VEERS UNFAVORABLY IN RESPONSE TO

TRIPLE-POINT/MID-ATLANTIC SFC CYCLOGENESIS.

..EDWARDS.. 02/27/2012

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Have to admit that I wasn't expecting a 30% area yet. The 12z NAM brings instability a bit farther north. Definitely feeling a little better about a severe threat than yesterday.

What I'm confused about is the CAPE placement seems to lag behind QPF output on where convection lies. Maybe it is better to run off of severe parameters instead of QPF details at this stage of the game though. NAM definitely wants to play ball. The GFS doesn't as much though....At least both models bring in mid 50s dew's. Maybe the GFS is too cool?

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What I'm confused about is the CAPE placement seems to lag behind QPF output on where convection lies.  Maybe it is better to run off of severe parameters instead of QPF details at this stage of the game though.  NAM definitely wants to play ball.  The GFS doesn't as much though....At least both models bring in mid 50s dew's.  Maybe the GFS is too cool?

I noticed that too.  A little unclear whether the best shot at severe will be with preexisting activity moving into the area or redevelopment along the cold front.  The latter may be more problematic given that low level convergence will be weakening.

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I noticed that too. A little unclear whether the best shot at severe will be with preexisting activity moving into the area or redevelopment along the cold front. The latter may be more problematic given that low level convergence will be weakening.

Redevelopment in the dryslot would be my going bet right now. Though your concern about convergence is a valid concern.

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NAM continues to clear things out behind the early morning storms, but pushes the best convergence and shear to the East while developing sb instability across Indiana and Ohio by Wednesday Afternoon and Evening. It'll be interesting to see if more storms or a second line of storms can fire by afternoon/evening. If nothing else, the clearing and afternoon sunshine should help increase mixing and increase wind gusts.

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NAM continues to clear things out behind the early morning storms, but pushes the best convergence and shear to the East while developing sb instability across Indiana and Ohio by Wednesday Afternoon and Evening. It'll be interesting to see if more storms or a second line of storms can fire by afternoon/evening. If nothing else, the clearing and afternoon sunshine should help increase mixing and increase wind gusts.

Yeah I'm wondering if it may be a case where we have some decent SB instability and even pretty good shear aloft but lack the surface convergence to fire a good line.

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DAY 2 CONVECTIVE OUTLOOK

NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK

1254 AM CST TUE FEB 28 2012

VALID 291200Z - 011200Z

...THERE IS A SLGT RISK OF SVR TSTMS PORTIONS MS/AL TO OH VALLEY AND

CAROLINAS...

...SYNOPSIS...

PROGRESSIVE AND RATHER HIGHLY AMPLIFIED UPPER-AIR PATTERN FCST

THROUGH PERIOD. STG SHORTWAVE TROUGH CURRENTLY LOCATED OVER NV AND

SRN CA IS EXPECTED TO DEVELOP EMBEDDED/CLOSED 500-MB LOW DAY-1.

THIS LOW WILL REACH SRN MN BY START OF DAY-2 PERIOD...MOVING EWD

ACROSS LOWER MI AND LH TO SRN ONT BY 1/12Z. FARTHER

UPSTREAM...SERIES OF SHORTWAVE TROUGHS -- NOW EVIDENT IN MOISTURE

CHANNEL IMAGERY OVER AK AND GULF OF AK -- WILL PHASE WITH SPEED MAX

ASSOCIATED WITH PERTURBATION NOW MOVING NEWD ACROSS CENTRAL

ALEUTIANS. COMBINED SYSTEM SHOULD AMPLIFY AS IT MOVES SEWD

DAY-1...RESULTING IN STG SHORTWAVE TROUGH OVER PAC NW COAST AROUND

29/12Z. NWRN TROUGHING WILL AMPLIFY FURTHER THROUGH

DAY-2...YIELDING BOTH UPPER LOW OVER SERN AB/SWRN SK...AND BROADLY

CYCLONIC FLOW ACROSS MOST OF CONUS W OF 100W.

AT SFC...CYCLONE SHOULD REMAIN ESSENTIALLY STACKED WITH RESPECT TO

MIDLEVEL LOW THROUGH PERIOD. SECONDARY LOW SHOULD DEVELOP AT

FRONTAL/OCCLUSION TRIPLE POINT DURING 1/00Z-1/06Z TIME FRAME...OVER

OR JUST OFFSHORE NJ COAST...AND MOVE EWD ALONG WARM FRONT. AT

29/12Z...COLD FRONT SHOULD EXTEND FROM NRN IL SSWWD ACROSS SERN MO

AND NERN THROUGH CENTRAL TX...WITH WARM FRONT FROM NRN IL ESEWD

ACROSS OH AND WV. WARM FRONT WILL MOVE SLOWLY NEWD ACROSS OH/WV AND

PORTIONS PA BEFORE BEING OVERTAKEN BY COLD FRONT...WHICH SHOULD MOVE

SEWD TO VA...NRN AL...CENTRAL MS AND SE TX BY END OF PERIOD. SWRN

SEGMENT OF FRONT WILL DECELERATE/WEAKEN OVER MS/LA/TX LATE IN

PERIOD.

...MS/AL TO OH VALLEY...

SOME SVR POTENTIAL MAY CARRY OVER FROM LATE DAY-1 PERIOD IN FORM OF

BAND OF STG-SVR TSTMS OVER AR...SERN MO AND LOWER OH VALLEY. SWWD

EXTENT OF BACKBUILDING OF THIS ACTIVITY ACROSS LA AND PERHAPS SE TX

REMAINS UNCERTAIN DURING DAY...GIVEN DEPARTURE OF MOST FAVORABLE

DEEP-LAYER LIFT WELL NE OF AREA.

SVR POTENTIAL...MAINLY DAMAGING WIND BUT WITH TORNADOES

POSSIBLE...SHOULD RAMP UP DURING MIDDAY/AFTERNOON HOURS FROM OH TO

MS/AL. THERE...STRONGEST LOW-LEVEL LIFT ALONG/AHEAD OF SFC COLD

FRONT WILL IMPINGE ON AIR MASS DESTABILIZED BY COMBINATION OF

DIABATIC SFC HEATING AND THETAE ADVECTION. SFC DEW POINTS MID-UPPER

50S F SHOULD REACH PORTIONS OH/PA/WRN WV...WITH 60S FROM CENTRAL/ERN

KY SWWD ACROSS TN VALLEY REGION. THIS WILL OFFSET MODEST MIDLEVEL

LAPSE RATES ENOUGH TO YIELD WEAK CINH...BENEATH ABOUT 500-1000 J/KG

MLCAPE...IN PREFRONTAL CORRIDOR THAT GRADUALLY BROADENS WITH SWD

EXTENT. VERY STG DEEP-LAYER WINDS ARE FCST...YIELDING EFFECTIVE

SHEAR MAGNITUDES 60-75 KT IN MANY FCST SOUNDINGS...DESPITE LACK OF

LOW-LEVEL DIRECTIONAL SHEAR. PREDOMINANT QUASI-LINEAR MODE IS

EXPECTED. OH VALLEY/APPALACHIANS SVR THREAT WILL DIMINISH WITH TIME

DURING EVENING/OVERNIGHT HOURS...FROM N-S...AS CONVECTIVE SYSTEM

ENCOUNTERS PROGRESSIVELY MORE STABLE AIR. EXCEPTION MAY BE AROUND

SRN RIM OF APPALACHIANS/PIEDMONT...OVER AL/GA INTO CAROLINAS...WHERE

BROADER AREA OF FAVORABLE MOISTURE WILL PERSIST...TRANSITIONING INTO

OVERNIGHT THREAT.

...OVERNIGHT HOURS...CAROLINAS...

CONVECTION MAY MOVE ENEWD INTO THIS REGION FROM SRN PART OF PREVIOUS

REGIME...OR DEVELOP ANEW...AFTER 00Z. THIS WILL RESULT IN LOBE OF

NOCTURNAL SVR POTENTIAL...WITH DAMAGING GUSTS AND A FEW TORNADOES

POSSIBLE. SRN FRINGE OF HEIGHT FALLS ASSOCIATED WITH GREAT LAKES

TROUGH WILL BRUSH ACROSS THIS AREA...AS WILL ENHANCED MIDLEVEL

HEIGHT GRADIENT AND RESULTANT 55-65 KT 500-MB WINDS. VEERING

RELATED TO MID-ATLC LOW GENESIS WILL RENDER DEEP-LAYER WIND PROFILES

NEARLY UNIDIRECTIONAL DURING GREATEST CONVECTIVE THREAT...BUT ALSO

CHARACTERIZED BY STG SPEED SHEAR THAT WILL ELONGATE LOW-LEVEL

HODOGRAPHS. PRIMARY UNCERTAINTY REMAINS DEPTH/MAGNITUDE OF NEAR-SFC

STABLE LAYER...WHOSE SLOPE AND DEPTH EACH SHOULD BECOME MORE SHALLOW

WITH TIME AMIDST STG LOW-LEVEL THETAE ADVECTION. FCST SOUNDINGS

SUGGEST SFC-BASED EFFECTIVE LIFTED PARCELS EVEN WITH SHALLOW SKIN

LAYER OF COOLING...THROUGH WHICH DAMAGING GUSTS SHOULD BE ABLE TO

PENETRATE.

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ECM has 70f temps approaching the route 6 corridor Wednesday... can't wait

This might be an interesting one. Severe storms on February 29th. How often does that happen? At most, once in four years. I think Toledo and Cleveland may get some gusty storms, with a bigger threat for Cincinnati. Supercell composite value of 12 at Cincinnati. 700mb wind of 60kt at Cincinnati.

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DAY 2 CONVECTIVE OUTLOOK

NWS STORM PREDICTION CENTER NORMAN OK

1129 AM CST TUE FEB 28 2012

VALID 291200Z - 011200Z

...THERE IS A SLGT RISK OF SVR TSTMS FROM THE MID/LOWER MS VALLEY

EWD TO THE MID-ATLANTIC/CAROLINA COAST...

..SYNOPSIS

A WEAKENING UPPER LOW INITIALLY CROSSING THE MID MO/UPPER MS VALLEYS

IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE MOVING EWD ACROSS THE UPPER GREAT LAKES

REGION THROUGH THE PERIOD...AS A SECOND/LARGE TROUGH EXPANDS OVER

THE WRN CONUS. ON THE SRN FRINGE OF THESE TWO FEATURES...VERY FAST

WLY/WSWLY FLOW ALOFT IS PROGGED FROM THE SOUTHWEST/SRN ROCKIES

ACROSS MUCH OF THE CENTRAL AND ERN CONUS.

AT THE SURFACE...A DEEP/OCCLUDED LOW IS INITIALLY PROGGED OVER THE

SRN MN VICINITY...WITH A COLD FRONT EXTENDING FROM A CENTRAL IL

TRIPLE POINT SWWD INTO TX...AND A WARM FRONT DRAPED EWD ACROSS THE

OH VALLEY. THE LOW IS FORECAST TO WEAKEN THROUGH THE PERIOD AS IT

SHIFTS EWD ACROSS THE UPPER GREAT LAKES...WITH THE TRAILING COLD

FRONT LIKEWISE PROGGED TO WEAKEN AS IT CROSSES THE OH/TN VALLEYS

THROUGH THE DAY...AND THEN CROSSES THE APPALACHIANS THROUGH THE END

OF THE PERIOD. WHILE WEAKENING OVERALL...THIS STORM SYSTEM SHOULD

SUPPORT WIDESPREAD CONVECTION AND A FAIRLY LARGE SEVERE THREAT AREA.

..MID/LOWER MS VALLEY EWD TO THE MID-ATLANTIC COAST

WIDESPREAD SHOWERS AND THUNDERSTORMS SHOULD BE ONGOING INVOF THE

ADVANCING COLD FRONT AT THE START OF THE PERIOD...AND EWD ACROSS THE

OH/TN VALLEYS IN THE ZONE OF WARM ADVECTION AHEAD OF THE SYSTEM.

THE ONGOING PRECIPITATION/CLOUD COVER ACROSS THE BULK OF THE

FORECAST SEVERE RISK AREA WILL ACT TO HINDER HEATING/DESTABILIZATION

DURING THE DAY...BUT EXPECT AMPLE CAPE -- AIDED BY NWD ADVECTION OF

HIGHER THETA-E AIR -- TO SUPPORT ONGOING STORMS.

THOUGH INSTABILITY SHOULD REMAIN LIMITED IN MOST AREAS...VERY STRONG

KINEMATIC ENVIRONMENT WILL EXIST...WITH VERY

STRONG/QUASI-UNIDIRECTIONAL WSWLY FLOW EXPECTED THROUGHOUT THE

CLOUD-BEARING LAYER. WHILE LIMITED POTENTIAL FOR HAIL AND A COUPLE

OF ISOLATED TORNADOES APPEARS POSSIBLE...MAIN SEVERE THREAT THIS

PERIOD WILL LIKELY BE DAMAGING WINDS -- WITH FAST-MOVING LINES/LINE

SEGMENTS. THE GREATEST THREAT SHOULD OCCUR THROUGH THE AFTERNOON

ALONG AND WEST OF THE APPALACHIANS -- INCLUDING THE MID AND UPPER OH

AND TN VALLEYS. SOME THREAT MAY CROSS THE APPALACHIANS OVERNIGHT AS

THE WEAKENING FRONT ADVANCES...WITH THREAT POSSIBLY REACHING THE

MID-ATLANTIC/CAROLINA COAST THROUGH THE END OF THE PERIOD.

..GOSS.. 02/28/2012

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