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January 31-February 2 Historic Winter Storm part 6


Hoosier

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DTX AFD with some nice changes/info in bold

BIG WINTER STORM STILL LOOKS TO TAKE AIM AT SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN TUESDAY EVENING THROUGH WEDNESDAY. THE WINTER STORM WATCH CONTINUES FOR ALL OF SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN...HOWEVER THE TIME WAS ADJUSTED BACKWARD BY 3 HOURS (NOW STARTS AT 4 PM) FOR THE I-69 CORRIDOR SOUTHWARD. THIS IS SUPPORTED BY THE PAST FEW RUNS OF THE GFS/EURO/GEM. STORM TOTAL SNOW AMOUNTS WERE ALSO ADJUSTED SLIGHTLY UPWARD...WITH 10-15 INCHES FOR THE I-69 CORRIDOR COUNTIES SOUTH...AND 8 TO 12 INCHES FOR THE TRI-CITIES AND THUMB. WATER VAPOR IMAGERY SHOWS A DEEP UPPER TROUGH FORMING OVER THE WESTERN U.S. AS STRONG UPPER WAVES DROP INTO BOTH SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA AND THE NORTHERN ROCKIES. THE CALIFORNIA SHORTWAVE WILL EJECT OUT OF THIS TROUGH AND RIDE NORTHEAST TOWARDS THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES TUESDAY NIGHT...THEN CONTINUE ACROSS THE EASTERN GREAT LAKES ON WEDNESDAY. MODELS LOOK SIMILAR WITH RESPECT TO THE TRACK OF THE CENTER OF THE SURFACE LOW...CLIPPING IT ACROSS NORTHWEST OHIO EARLY WEDNESDAY MORNING. NAM IS SLIGHTLY FURTHER SOUTH WITH THE LOW...AND ALSO THE SWATH OF HEAVIEST PRECIPITATION...AND PREFER THE GFS/EURO/GEM. THIS CHANGES THE FORECAST LITTLE...ASIDE FROM THE AFOREMENTIONED CHANGES ABOVE. STEADY SNOW WILL BEGIN SPREADING INTO SOUTHERN LOWER MICHIGAN EARLY TUESDAY EVENING AS THE LOW APPROACHES THE SOUTHERN GREAT LAKES...AND BECOME HEAVY OVERNIGHT AS THE SYSTEM TRACKS SOUTH OF THE MICHIGAN STATE LINE. SUPPORT FOR HEAVY SNOW WITHIN THE DEFORMATION ZONE WILL BE SUPPORTED BY A STRONG LAYER OF FGEN BETWEEN 900 AND 700 MB...WHICH IS COINCIDENT WITH THE BEST MOISTURE AND WITHIN AND BELOW A DEEP LAYER OF GOOD MID-LEVEL INSTABILITY. VERY STRONG UPPER JET DYNAMICS WILL ALSO HELP PROVIDE DEEPER LIFT...WITH A COUPLED JET STRUCTURE AND STRONG UPPER DIFFLUENCE PRESENT THROUGH MOST OF THE NIGHT. BY WEDNESDAY WE EXPECT TO LOSE JET SUPPORT AND FGEN FORCING...BUT GAIN VERY STRONG SYSTEM RELATIVE ISENTROPIC ASCENT ON THE BACKSIDE OF THE SYSTEM. WILL ALSO SEE THE TROWAL LIFT ACROSS SOUTHEAST MICHIGAN AS THE LOW TRACKS INTO LAKE ERIE. MOST INTENSE SNOWFALL IS EXPECTED TO OCCUR TUESDAY EVENING AND OVERNIGHT. DIFFERENCE IN SNOWFALL TOTALS FROM PREVIOUS FORECAST CENTERS AROUND AN INCREASE IN SNOW ACCUMULATION FOR WEDNESDAY. WENT TOWARDS THE HIGH END OF GUIDANCE GIVEN THE STRENGTH OF THE ISENTROPIC ASCENT THROUGH ABOUT 18-21Z. SOME UNCERTAINTIES STILL REMAIN WITH THE FORECAST. ANY FURTHER NORTHWEST ADJUSTMENT TO THE LOW TRACK WOULD NOT ONLY REDUCE SNOW LIQUID RATIOS BUT ALSO FAVOR MORE OF A SLEET/FREEZING RAIN MIXTURE TO SPREAD FURTHER NORTHWARD...BOTH SERVING TO CUT INTO SNOW TOTALS. FEED OF VERY DRY AIR FROM ONTARIO (NORTHEAST WINDS) WILL ALSO CREATE A VERY SHARP GRADIENT TO THE PRECIPITATION SHIELD. RIGHT NOW THIS IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN OVER LAKE HURON...BUT IS STILL A FACTOR TO WATCH. ALSO COULD SEE SOME CONVECTION FLARE UP TO OUR SOUTH WHICH COULD LIMIT OUR MOISTURE FEED. FINALLY...THERE IS STILL POTENTIAL FOR STRONG WIND GUSTS OVER 35 MPH TO DEVELOP AS THE PRESSURE GRADIENT TIGHTENS TUESDAY EVENING THROUGH WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON...AND MIX DOWN A STRONGER CORE OF WINDS ALOFT. HAVE KEPT WIND GUSTS AROUND 30 MPH FOR NOW TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT PRECIPITATION DRAG AND VERY SHARP LOW-LEVEL INVERSIONS THAT COULD LIMIT MIXING POTENTIAL....BUT WILL NEED TO MONITOR THIS CLOSELY. FOR THIS REASON...HAVE KEPT HEADLINES AT A WINTER STORM WATCH INSTEAD OF A BLIZZARD WATCH...BUT WILL BE HIGHLIGHTING NEAR-BLIZZARD CONDITIONS IN THE WINTER WEATHER STATEMENTS. STILL A LITTLE HARD TO PINPOINT WHERE THE STRONGEST WINDS WILL BE AS WELL...GIVEN PROXIMITY OF THE LOW CENTER AND POTENTIAL FOR THE TRACK TO SHIFT A LITTLE BIT OVER THE NEXT DAY OR SO.

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MKE:

OBB AND THICKNESS TECHNIQUES FAVOR SNOW LIQUID RATIOS OF AROUND 18

TO 1 FOR THE DURATION OF THIS EVENT. WILL CONTINUE WINTER WEATHER

ADVISORY FOR ENTIRE AREA WITH 4 TO 7 INCH SNOWFALL THROUGH 12Z/TUE.

LAYER FN VECTOR RESPONSE TO 2D FULL WIND FRONTOGENESIS PUSHES INTO

WESTERN CWA THIS EVE WHICH FALLS IN MODERATE OMEGA IN FAVORABLE

DENDRITE GROWTH ZONE. THIS ENHANCED SNOWFALL FOR A TIME THIS

EVENING COULD RESULT IN SLIGHTLY HEAVIER SNOWFALL TOTALS. NEXT

SHIFT WL NEED TO REEVALUATE WHETHER WINTER STORM WARNING WOULD BE

MORE APPROPRIATE. ALSO BEEFED UP AMOUNTS SEVERAL INCHES IN EAST DUE

TO LAKE ENHANCEMENT CONTRIBUTION. DELTA-T INCREASES TO 17 DEGREES

LATE TONIGHT AS WINDS BACK TO A MORE FAVORABLE FETCH. LAKE INDUCED

CAPE NEAR 300 J BY LATE TNGT AT KSBM. WL NEED TO WATCH LAKESHORE

AND NEXT TIER INLAND AS WELL FOR BEEFIER HEADLINES FOR LATE TNGT

INTO TUE.

SYNOPTIC SCALE LIFT WEAKENS LATE TONIGHT THROUGH TUESDAY

MORNING AS JET PULLS OFF AND SHIFTS NORTHWARD. INCREASING SHORT

WAVE SUBSIDENCE AHEAD OF MORE SIGNIFICANT SHORT WAVE WL ALSO DMSH

FORCING AWAY FROM LAKE TUE MRNG AS WEAKENING 500MB PORT VORT SHIFTS EWD.

WL POSTPONE WINTER WX ADVY FOR SHEBOYGAN COUNTY UNTIL LATER THIS

MRNG. SNOW SHOWERS DEVELOPING OVER WEST CENTRAL LAKE MICHIGAN

LOOKING FAIRLY WEAK ATTM.

TUESDAY- CONFIDENCE...MEDIUM

COULD SEE VERY LIGHT AMOUNTS FROM THE SYNOPTIC EVENT...PERHAPS

ANOTHER INCH OR SO IN THE MORNING. ADVISORY MAY BE ABLE TO BE

DROPPED EARLY...AT LEAST FOR INLAND LOCALES AWAY FROM ANY INFLUENCE

OF LAKE EFFECT SNOWS. THEN A BIT OF A LULL...BUT VERY SMALL AT

THAT...AS INITIAL SHORTWAVE/700 TROUGH SHIFT EAST WITH A BRIEF

PERIOD OF DOWNWARD MOTION. QYUICK SHOT OF 500 RIDGING AHEAD OF

APPROACHING MAJOR STORM SYSTEM. MAIN CONCERN BEFORE THE BIG STORM

MOVES IN WILL BE THE LAKE EFFECT TRENDS DURING THE DAYTIME HOURS.

THE MOST FAVORED AREA LOOKS TO BE IN THE SHEBOYGAN AREA WHERE

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIALS BETWEEN THE LAKE AND AIR AT AROUND 5000

FEET FORECASTED TO BE AS COLD AS 19C...WHICH IS VERY FAVORABLE

INSTABILTY. FETCH LOOKS VERY GOOD AND THE LAKE EFFECT SNOW PARAMETER

SHOWS FAVORABLE VALUES AS WELL. NAM AND WRF20 BOTH SHOW A NE/SW

ORIENTED BAND EXTENDING INTO SHEBOYGAN COUNTY. MAY NEED AN UPGRADE

TO A WARNING FOR THIS SPECIFIC LAKE EFFECT EVENT DEPENDING ON WHERE

BAND SETS UP AND HOW THE BAND WOULD ADD TO THE TOTAL AMOUNTS FROM

THE PRIOR EVENT.

TUESDAY NIGHT AND WEDNESDAY- CONFIDENCE...MEDIUM TO HIGH

BLIZZARD POTENTIAL LOOKING VERY HIGH FOR AT LEAST THE SOUTHEAST CWA.

CANT RULE OUT MODELS LOCKED ONTO STRONG UPPER DYNAMICS WITH COUPLED

JET STRUCTURE. NAM AND GFS BOTH EXPLODE UPPER DIVERGENCE ACROSS SE

WI AROUND MIDNIGHT. NAM AND GFS BOTH SHOW 850 MILLIBAR FRONTOGENESIS

PEAKING SOUTH OF THE CWA BUT HAVE IMPRESSIVE VALUES OF 700-500

MILLIBAR FRONTOGENESIS IN SOUTHERN WI...THUS STRONG SLOPING

FRONTOGENETICAL FORCING. Q-VECTOR CONVERGENCE VERY STRONG...700-300

MILLIBAR VALUES OVER 50 UNITS AT MIDNIGHT WITH ONLY A SUBTLE

WEAKENING IN VALUES BY 6 AM WEDNESDAY. ISENTROPICALLY...280-290K

PLOTS SHOW MIXING RATIOS PUSHING 3 G/KG IN THE FAR SOUTHEAST.

INGREDIENTS PLOTS FROM BOTH NAM SHOW BEST PVU...OVERLAP OF Q-VECTOR

CONVERGENCE AND SATURATED EQUIVELANT POTENTIAL VORTICITY...TO OUR

SOUTHEAST...SO WILL NOT MENTION THUNDER AT THIS POINT. EVENING SHIFT

FORECASTER ADJUSTED SNOW RATIOS AFTER ASSESSING ROEBBER TECHNIQUE

AND WILL USE THIS AND APPLY AN AVERAGE QPF TO COME UP WITH

TOTALS...IN MANY PERIODS...HPC IS A NICE BLEND...BUT WILL ACCOUNT

FOR SOME HIGHER NUMBERS IN THE EAST DUE TO THE LAKE ENHANCEMENT.

NORTHEAST 50-60 KNOT 850 MILLIBAR JET CORE...WITH 45-55 KNOTS AT 925

MILLIBARS. BUFKIT SOUNDINGS SHOW EXTREMELY IMPRESSIVE SETUP FOR

MIXING DOWN GUSTS NEAR 50 KNOTS TUESDAY NIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY

MORNING. HAVE BEEN TOYING WITH THE IDEA OF EXPANDING THE BLIZZARD

WATCH ANOTHER SET OF COUNTIES WEST...BUT DECIDED TO HOLD OFF AT THE

MOMENT. HOWEVER...WILL ADD GREEN LAKE AND MARQUETTE COUNTIES TO THE WINTER

STORM WATCH TO ACCOUNT FOR THE STRONG WINDS AND 3-5/3-6 TYPE SNOWS.

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DVN:

...POTENTIALLY NEAR HISTORIC SNOW EVENT OVER SOUTHEAST 1/2 TO 1/3 OF

THE FORECAST AREA ON TAP...

OVERVIEW...KEY FEATURES ARE SHOWING UP WHICH INCREASES CONFIDENCE ON

EVOLUTION OF THIS WINTER STORM SYSTEM. SPECIFICALLY...ONSHORE DATA

SUPPORTS NOWCAST TOOLS OF RAPID OCCLUSION TO OCCUR WITH PARENT SFC

LOW TO SLIDE NE...THEN N...THEN BRIEFLY NW TO NEAR UIN ALLOWING

FOR HEAVIER PRECIPITATION TO OCCUR. INITIALIZATION AND VERIFICATION

SUPPORTS PRIMARY USE OF HI-RES ECMWF WITH FORCING INPUTS FROM GFS

AND 06Z 80KM NAM-WRF INTO DAY 3. WENT WITH BLEND OF ECMWF AND GFS

BEYOND DAY 4.

KEY COMMENT...THIS SYSTEM APPEARS WILL PHASE AND NEARLY PERFECTLY

WITH CANADIAN ALBERTA UPPER LOW...ARCTIC AIR...GULF MOISTURE AND

SHEAR PROFILES FOR MAXIMUM INTENSITY OF SNOW AND THUNDER-SNOW OVER

AT LEAST SE 1/3 OF AREA. THIS IS ROUGHLY LIKE SEVERAL SMALL WAVES

COMING TOGETHER TO FORM A BIG WAVE...ANOTHER DESCRIPTION IS

CONSTRUCTIVE PHASING OR INTERFERENCE. IF SFC LOW OCCLUDES RAPIDLY

ENOUGH...THIS WOULD SUPPORT NEED TO UPGRADE TO BLIZZARD WATCH DUE

TO ISALLOBARIC PUSH TO HIGHER WIND VALUES OF 5+ MPH. OCCLUDING

LOW WILL ALSO BE VITAL TO HOW MUCH THUNDER-SNOW WILL OCCUR IN

FORECAST AREA.

TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY...RAPIDLY DEEPENING AND OCCLUDING SFC LOW

WILL SLIDE TO NEAR STL AT TRIPLE POINT WITH PARENT OCCLUDED LOW TO

NEAR UIN. THIS WILL RESULT IN SNOW...HEAVY AT TIMES WITH

ACCUMULATION RATES OF 1 TO 2 INCHES AN HOUR OVER SE 1/2 OF AREA.

THUNDER-SNOW WILL BE POSSIBLE FAR SOUTH BY 21Z AND SLIDE TO AT

LEAST HIGHWAY 34 CORRIDOR THROUGH 09Z. IT MAY APPROACH I-80 IN

ILLINOIS. NW WINDS WILL INCREASE TO 25 TO 35 MPH WITH SOME GUSTS

TO NEAR 45 MPH RESULTING IN NEARLY BLIZZARD CONDITIONS. WENT

THROUGH SEVERAL LOCAL CALCULATIONS AND CAME UP JUST SHORT OF

UPGRADING WATCH TO A BLIZZARD WATCH. PASS THIS CONCERN TO DAY

SHIFT AS A PRIMARY ISSUE. AGAIN OCCLUDING SFC LOW WILL BE KEY.

SNOW AMOUNT GRADIENTS WILL BE SIGNIFICANT AND WENT WITH MIDDLE OF

THE ROAD VALUES WITH MOST SOLUTIONS QPF VALUES SUGGESTING POOR

ENTROPY OR ENERGY DISSIPATION ISSUES. HEAVIEST SNOWS SHOULD OCCUR

+/- 30 MILES EITHER SIDE OF A QUINCY ILLINOIS PEORIA ILLINOIS TO

NEAR KANKAKEE LINE. SNOW TOTALS TO RANGE FROM 15 TO 20 INCHES

SOUTH OF A STERLING TO QUAD CITY TO FAIRFIELD LINE. NORTH OF THIS

LINE TO A GALENA TO CEDAR RAPIDS TO MARENGO LINE 10 TO 15 INCHES

ARE EXPECTED. NORTH OF THIS LINE SECOND LINE THE GRADIENT OF SNOW

WILL RAPIDLY DECREASE TO 5 TO 10 INCHES WITH 5 TO 7 INCHES WITH

THIS STORM SUGGESTED NORTH OF HIGHWAY 20 NEAR MANCHESTER AND

INDEPENDENCE.

FINAL POINT...SNOW VALUES OF OVER 20 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE IF SFC

OCCLUSION IS AGAIN SIGNIFICANT ENOUGH AND WILL PASS THIS TO DAY

SHIFT ALONG FAVORED AFOREMENTIONED HEAVIEST SNOW TRACK.

WILL EMPHASIZE NEAR BLIZZARD CONDITIONS WITH POTENTIAL THUNDER-SNOW

IN CHIWSWDVN...OR NEXT WINTER STORM WATCH PRODUCT.

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LOT:

..MULTIFACETED

DANGEROUS AND POTENTIALLY LIFE THREATENING WINTER

STORM TAKING AIM ON REGION...

DISCUSSION

SHORT TERM (MONDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY)....

THE HEADLINER OF WINTER EVENTS DOESNT ARRIVE UNTIL TUESDAY

AFTERNOON...HOWEVER FIRST WE GET TO DEAL WITH AN OPENING ACT

TONIGHT...

LEAD SHORTWAVE IN THE SOUTHWESTERLY FLOW ALOFT IS SEEN ON WATER

VAPOR IMAGERY EARLY THIS MORNING MOVING WESTERN KS/PANHANDLE REGION.

AS THIS SHORTWAVE RIDES SW FLOW INTO THE REGION TONIGHT LOOK FOR

SNOW TO BREAK OUT AS IT BEGINS TO TAP INTO BETTER MOISTURE SUPPLY AS

A RESULT OF 30-40KT LOW LEVEL JET. BROAD REGION OF ISENTROPIC ASCENT

AND LACK OF WELL DEFINED FOCUS MAKES QPF FORECAST TONIGHT

TRICKY...HOWEVER MODELS DO SEEM TO BE KEYING IN ON ZONE OF

STRENGTHENING LOW LEVEL FRONTOGENESIS OVER SOUTHERN CWA FOR SOMEWHAT

HIGHER QPF AMOUNTS. SOUTHERN CWA WILL ALSO HAVE WARMER TEMP PROFILE

AND WITH MODELS FREQUENTLY UNDERESTIMATING MAGNITUDE OF WARMING IN

STRONG WAA REGIMES HAVE OPTED TO INTRODUCE CHC OF SLEET WITH THE

SNOW OVER FAR SOUTHERN CWA TONIGHT.

WARMER THERMAL PROFILE AND POTENTIAL FOR SLEET BOTH ARGUE FOR LOWER

SNOW:LIQUID RATIOS SOUTH WHERE HIGHER QPF OCCURS. WHILE LOWER QPF

AND HIGHER SLR'S FARTHER NORTH SUPPORT SIMILAR SNOWFALL TOTALS AND

GENERALLY STICKING WITH A 1-3 INCH FORECAST TONIGHT...THOUGH LOCAL 4

INCH AMOUNTS WOULDNT BE AT ALL SURPRISING. LEAD SHORTWAVE MOVES EAST

OF THE AREA BY EARLY TUESDAY MORNING WITH SNOW TAPERING OFF/ENDING

AND POSSIBLY EVEN TRANSITIONING TO A PERIOD OF FREEZING DRIZZLE

TUESDAY MORNING INTO THE EARLY AFTERNOON.

HOPEFULLY ANY FRDZ WILL BE INSIGNIFICANT ENOUGH TO PROVIDE ROAD

CREWS A CHANCE TO CATCH A FEW HOURS OF SLEEP EARLY TUESDAY BEFORE

THE BIG HULLABALOO STARTS TUESDAY. OVERALL AGREEMENT IN MODELS ON

SYNOPTIC DETAILS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS SYSTEM ARE EXCELLENT...WITH

JUST THE 00Z NAM A LITTLE WEAKER/FASTER WITH THE SYSTEM AND LARGELY

BEING DISCOUNTED.

I CANNOT STRESS THIS POINT ENOUGH:

MODEL ACCURACY AT THIS DISTANCE IS NOT SUCH THAT ITS WISE TO OFFER

ANY DEGREE OF CERTAINTY WITH RESPECT TO SNOWFALL TOTALS. STRONG

SYNOPTIC SYSTEMS...SUCH AS THIS ONE...MID-LEVEL DRY INTRUSIONS

TYPICALLY RESULT IN VERY TIGHT GRADIENTS IN SNOWFALL TOTALS ALONG

THE SOUTH EDGE OF THE HEAVY SNOW BAND. EVEN WITH VERY STRONG MODEL

AGREEMENT...IT IS NOT UNCOMMON TO SEE FORECAST STORM TRACKS IN

MODELS SHIFT BY 100 MILES OR MORE IN AS LITTLE AS 24 HOURS FROM

THE ARRIVAL OF THE STORM WITH RAPIDLY DEEPENING/OCCLUDING LOWS.

SUCH A SHIFT IN STORM TRACK COULD RESULT IN AREAS FORECAST TO GET

1 TO 2 FEET OF SNOW ENDING UP DRY SLOTTED WITH DRASTICALLY LIGHTER

ACCUMULATIONS. GIVEN THE LINGERING UNCERTAINTY...NO PLANS TO MAKE

UPGRADE ANY OF THE WATCH AT THIS TIME. HAVING SAID ALL THIS...HERE

ARE THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE STORM AS THEY APPEAR NOW...

SNOWFALL:

INTENSE 60KT LOW LEVEL JET WILL BE VERY EFFICIENT IN TRANSPORTING

GULF MOISTURE NORTHWARD...SUPPLYING THE CYCLONE WITH AMPLE MOISTURE

BOTH WITHIN THE WARM CONVEYOR BELT AND WITHIN THE DEVELOPING

TROWAL/DEFORMATION ZONE. QPF IN REASONABLY GOOD AGREEMENT AMONG THE

VARIOUS MODELS AND USING A REASONABLY CONSERVATIVE 10-12:1 SLR

RESULTS IN SNOWFALL TOTALS OF 8-14 INCHES TUESDAY NIGHT ALONE.

PROBABLY WORTH NOTING THAT CALCULATING/MEASURING THE ACTUAL

SNOW:LIQUID RATIO THAT OCCURS MAY WELL BE DIFFICULT OR NEARLY

IMPOSSIBLE GIVEN THE EXTENT OF BLOWING/DRIFTING EXPECTED. IN

ADDITION...VERY STRONG WINDS COULD RIP DENDRITES APART...FURTHER

LOWERING THE EFFECTIVE SNOW:LIQUID RATIO.

SOME ADDITIONAL ACCUMULATING SNOW IS LIKELY WEDNESDAY MORNING...WITH

HEAVIEST TOTALS DOWNWIND OF LAKE MICHIGAN IN NE IL AS IMPROVING

THERMAL PROFILES RESULT IN INCREASINGLY FAVORABLE LAKE EFFECT SET

UP. LAKE EFFECT SHOULD SHIFT EAST INTO NW INDIANA DURING THE

AFTERNOON WEDNESDAY WITH STRENGTHENING COLD AIR ADVECTION

RESULTING IN INTENSIFYING LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS. LAKE EFFECT

ALONE COULD RESULT IN SEVERAL MORE INCHES OF ACCUMULATION IN NE IL

AND PROBABLY MORE THAN THAT IN NW INDIANA. AS MENTIONED EARLIER

THERE WILL BE A SHARP NORTH-SOUTH SNOWFALL GRADIENT AND WITH GFS

/WRF-NAM BOTH SUGGESTING DRY INTRUSION MAKING IT INTO SOUTHERN CWA

LATE TUES NIGHT...CONFIDENCE IN TOTALS OVER A FOOT CWA-WIDE IS

MODERATE.

WIND:

DEEPENING LOW SHOULD RESULT IN STRONG PRESSURE GRADIENT TUESDAY

NIGHT...WITH STRONG WINDS CONTINUING INTO WEDNESDAY AS STRONG

ISALLOBARIC COMPONENT KICKS IN WITH QUICK DEPARTURE AND FILLING OF

THE LOW. FORECAST SOUNDINGS FROM 00Z GUIDANCE SUGGESTS WINDS WILL

INCREASE TO 25-35 MPH WITH GUSTS OF 40 TO POSSIBLY 50 MPH COMMON.

HOWEVER...NEAR THE LAKE WINDS WILL BE EVEN STRONGER...PROBABLY

30-40 MPH SUSTAINED WITH GUSTS OF 50-60 MPH POSSIBLE.

BLIZZARD CONDITIONS:

VERY HIGH QPF TOTALS RAISE DOUBTS ABOUT THE BLOW-ABILITY OF THE SNOW

THAT FALLS. HOWEVER SNOWFALL RATES OF 2-3 INCHES PER HOUR APPEAR

LIKELY FOR A TIME TUESDAY NIGHT WHICH WILL PROBABLY BE ENOUGH TO

KNOCK VISIBILITIES DOWN TO LESS THAN 1/4SM SATISFYING THE BLIZZARD

WARNING CRITERIA. FURTHER INCREASING THE THREAT OF NEAR ZERO

VISIBILITIES IS THE POTENTIAL FOR THUNDERSNOW. WILL BE A VERY

DYNAMIC STORM SYSTEM WITH INTENSE UPWARD VERTICAL VELOCITIES AS

INTENSE FRONTOGENESIS WORKS IN CONCERT WITH TREMENDOUS UPWARD MOTION

RESULTING FROM FAST MOVING...RAPIDLY DEEPENING/CLOSING OFF MID LEVEL

CIRCULATION BECOMING NEGATIVELY TILTED AS IT APPROACHES FROM THE

SOUTH. FORECAST SOUNDINGS SUGGEST THAT 700-500MB LAPSE RATES WITHIN

THE DRY INTRUSION WILL INCREASE TO BETWEEN 7 AND 8C/KM...WITH SOME OF

THAT INSTABILITY LIKELY GETTING TAPPED INTO AND PROBABLY RESULTING

IN EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS.

LAKESHORE FLOODING:

NORTHEAST WINDS PROGGED TO INCREASE TO 30-40 MPH WITH GUSTS OF 50-60

MPH MAKES LAKESHORE FLOODING A BIG CONCERN. HIGH RESOLUTION MODIS

VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY FROM JAN 28TH SHOWED THAT ICE THAT HAD

ACCUMULATED NEAR THE IL SHORE HAD BEEN BLOWN WELL OFFSHORE...AND

APPEARED SOMEWHAT FRAGMENTED IN NATURE EAST OF THE ILLINOIS SHORE.

THERE IS SOME UNCERTAINTY WITH RESPECT TO HOW MUCH THAT ICE WILL

RETARD WAVE DEVELOPMENT NEAR THE SHORE...BUT WITH 14-18FT

SIGNIFICANT WAVES AND OCCASIONAL WAVES OVER 25FT OFFSHORE

POTENTIALLY TAKING A TOLL ON ICE HAVE OPTED TO ERR ON THE SIDE OF

CAUTION AND HOIST A LAKESHORE FLOOD WATCH. ITS POSSIBLE THAT ICE

COULD MITIGATE THE COASTAL FLOOD POTENTIAL...BUT HARD TO SAY FOR

SURE AND IF ICE ISNT A BIG DETERRENT THEN THE COASTAL FLOODING COULD

BE VERY SIGNIFICANT.

IZZI

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LOT:

..MULTIFACETED

DANGEROUS AND POTENTIALLY LIFE THREATENING WINTER

STORM TAKING AIM ON REGION...

DISCUSSION

SHORT TERM (MONDAY THROUGH WEDNESDAY)....

THE HEADLINER OF WINTER EVENTS DOESNT ARRIVE UNTIL TUESDAY

AFTERNOON...HOWEVER FIRST WE GET TO DEAL WITH AN OPENING ACT

TONIGHT...

LEAD SHORTWAVE IN THE SOUTHWESTERLY FLOW ALOFT IS SEEN ON WATER

VAPOR IMAGERY EARLY THIS MORNING MOVING WESTERN KS/PANHANDLE REGION.

AS THIS SHORTWAVE RIDES SW FLOW INTO THE REGION TONIGHT LOOK FOR

SNOW TO BREAK OUT AS IT BEGINS TO TAP INTO BETTER MOISTURE SUPPLY AS

A RESULT OF 30-40KT LOW LEVEL JET. BROAD REGION OF ISENTROPIC ASCENT

AND LACK OF WELL DEFINED FOCUS MAKES QPF FORECAST TONIGHT

TRICKY...HOWEVER MODELS DO SEEM TO BE KEYING IN ON ZONE OF

STRENGTHENING LOW LEVEL FRONTOGENESIS OVER SOUTHERN CWA FOR SOMEWHAT

HIGHER QPF AMOUNTS. SOUTHERN CWA WILL ALSO HAVE WARMER TEMP PROFILE

AND WITH MODELS FREQUENTLY UNDERESTIMATING MAGNITUDE OF WARMING IN

STRONG WAA REGIMES HAVE OPTED TO INTRODUCE CHC OF SLEET WITH THE

SNOW OVER FAR SOUTHERN CWA TONIGHT.

WARMER THERMAL PROFILE AND POTENTIAL FOR SLEET BOTH ARGUE FOR LOWER

SNOW:LIQUID RATIOS SOUTH WHERE HIGHER QPF OCCURS. WHILE LOWER QPF

AND HIGHER SLR'S FARTHER NORTH SUPPORT SIMILAR SNOWFALL TOTALS AND

GENERALLY STICKING WITH A 1-3 INCH FORECAST TONIGHT...THOUGH LOCAL 4

INCH AMOUNTS WOULDNT BE AT ALL SURPRISING. LEAD SHORTWAVE MOVES EAST

OF THE AREA BY EARLY TUESDAY MORNING WITH SNOW TAPERING OFF/ENDING

AND POSSIBLY EVEN TRANSITIONING TO A PERIOD OF FREEZING DRIZZLE

TUESDAY MORNING INTO THE EARLY AFTERNOON.

HOPEFULLY ANY FRDZ WILL BE INSIGNIFICANT ENOUGH TO PROVIDE ROAD

CREWS A CHANCE TO CATCH A FEW HOURS OF SLEEP EARLY TUESDAY BEFORE

THE BIG HULLABALOO STARTS TUESDAY. OVERALL AGREEMENT IN MODELS ON

SYNOPTIC DETAILS ASSOCIATED WITH THIS SYSTEM ARE EXCELLENT...WITH

JUST THE 00Z NAM A LITTLE WEAKER/FASTER WITH THE SYSTEM AND LARGELY

BEING DISCOUNTED.

I CANNOT STRESS THIS POINT ENOUGH:

MODEL ACCURACY AT THIS DISTANCE IS NOT SUCH THAT ITS WISE TO OFFER

ANY DEGREE OF CERTAINTY WITH RESPECT TO SNOWFALL TOTALS. STRONG

SYNOPTIC SYSTEMS...SUCH AS THIS ONE...MID-LEVEL DRY INTRUSIONS

TYPICALLY RESULT IN VERY TIGHT GRADIENTS IN SNOWFALL TOTALS ALONG

THE SOUTH EDGE OF THE HEAVY SNOW BAND. EVEN WITH VERY STRONG MODEL

AGREEMENT...IT IS NOT UNCOMMON TO SEE FORECAST STORM TRACKS IN

MODELS SHIFT BY 100 MILES OR MORE IN AS LITTLE AS 24 HOURS FROM

THE ARRIVAL OF THE STORM WITH RAPIDLY DEEPENING/OCCLUDING LOWS.

SUCH A SHIFT IN STORM TRACK COULD RESULT IN AREAS FORECAST TO GET

1 TO 2 FEET OF SNOW ENDING UP DRY SLOTTED WITH DRASTICALLY LIGHTER

ACCUMULATIONS. GIVEN THE LINGERING UNCERTAINTY...NO PLANS TO MAKE

UPGRADE ANY OF THE WATCH AT THIS TIME. HAVING SAID ALL THIS...HERE

ARE THE HIGHLIGHTS OF THE STORM AS THEY APPEAR NOW...

SNOWFALL:

INTENSE 60KT LOW LEVEL JET WILL BE VERY EFFICIENT IN TRANSPORTING

GULF MOISTURE NORTHWARD...SUPPLYING THE CYCLONE WITH AMPLE MOISTURE

BOTH WITHIN THE WARM CONVEYOR BELT AND WITHIN THE DEVELOPING

TROWAL/DEFORMATION ZONE. QPF IN REASONABLY GOOD AGREEMENT AMONG THE

VARIOUS MODELS AND USING A REASONABLY CONSERVATIVE 10-12:1 SLR

RESULTS IN SNOWFALL TOTALS OF 8-14 INCHES TUESDAY NIGHT ALONE.

PROBABLY WORTH NOTING THAT CALCULATING/MEASURING THE ACTUAL

SNOW:LIQUID RATIO THAT OCCURS MAY WELL BE DIFFICULT OR NEARLY

IMPOSSIBLE GIVEN THE EXTENT OF BLOWING/DRIFTING EXPECTED. IN

ADDITION...VERY STRONG WINDS COULD RIP DENDRITES APART...FURTHER

LOWERING THE EFFECTIVE SNOW:LIQUID RATIO.

SOME ADDITIONAL ACCUMULATING SNOW IS LIKELY WEDNESDAY MORNING...WITH

HEAVIEST TOTALS DOWNWIND OF LAKE MICHIGAN IN NE IL AS IMPROVING

THERMAL PROFILES RESULT IN INCREASINGLY FAVORABLE LAKE EFFECT SET

UP. LAKE EFFECT SHOULD SHIFT EAST INTO NW INDIANA DURING THE

AFTERNOON WEDNESDAY WITH STRENGTHENING COLD AIR ADVECTION

RESULTING IN INTENSIFYING LAKE EFFECT SNOW SHOWERS. LAKE EFFECT

ALONE COULD RESULT IN SEVERAL MORE INCHES OF ACCUMULATION IN NE IL

AND PROBABLY MORE THAN THAT IN NW INDIANA. AS MENTIONED EARLIER

THERE WILL BE A SHARP NORTH-SOUTH SNOWFALL GRADIENT AND WITH GFS

/WRF-NAM BOTH SUGGESTING DRY INTRUSION MAKING IT INTO SOUTHERN CWA

LATE TUES NIGHT...CONFIDENCE IN TOTALS OVER A FOOT CWA-WIDE IS

MODERATE.

WIND:

DEEPENING LOW SHOULD RESULT IN STRONG PRESSURE GRADIENT TUESDAY

NIGHT...WITH STRONG WINDS CONTINUING INTO WEDNESDAY AS STRONG

ISALLOBARIC COMPONENT KICKS IN WITH QUICK DEPARTURE AND FILLING OF

THE LOW. FORECAST SOUNDINGS FROM 00Z GUIDANCE SUGGESTS WINDS WILL

INCREASE TO 25-35 MPH WITH GUSTS OF 40 TO POSSIBLY 50 MPH COMMON.

HOWEVER...NEAR THE LAKE WINDS WILL BE EVEN STRONGER...PROBABLY

30-40 MPH SUSTAINED WITH GUSTS OF 50-60 MPH POSSIBLE.

BLIZZARD CONDITIONS:

VERY HIGH QPF TOTALS RAISE DOUBTS ABOUT THE BLOW-ABILITY OF THE SNOW

THAT FALLS. HOWEVER SNOWFALL RATES OF 2-3 INCHES PER HOUR APPEAR

LIKELY FOR A TIME TUESDAY NIGHT WHICH WILL PROBABLY BE ENOUGH TO

KNOCK VISIBILITIES DOWN TO LESS THAN 1/4SM SATISFYING THE BLIZZARD

WARNING CRITERIA. FURTHER INCREASING THE THREAT OF NEAR ZERO

VISIBILITIES IS THE POTENTIAL FOR THUNDERSNOW. WILL BE A VERY

DYNAMIC STORM SYSTEM WITH INTENSE UPWARD VERTICAL VELOCITIES AS

INTENSE FRONTOGENESIS WORKS IN CONCERT WITH TREMENDOUS UPWARD MOTION

RESULTING FROM FAST MOVING...RAPIDLY DEEPENING/CLOSING OFF MID LEVEL

CIRCULATION BECOMING NEGATIVELY TILTED AS IT APPROACHES FROM THE

SOUTH. FORECAST SOUNDINGS SUGGEST THAT 700-500MB LAPSE RATES WITHIN

THE DRY INTRUSION WILL INCREASE TO BETWEEN 7 AND 8C/KM...WITH SOME OF

THAT INSTABILITY LIKELY GETTING TAPPED INTO AND PROBABLY RESULTING

IN EMBEDDED THUNDERSTORMS.

LAKESHORE FLOODING:

NORTHEAST WINDS PROGGED TO INCREASE TO 30-40 MPH WITH GUSTS OF 50-60

MPH MAKES LAKESHORE FLOODING A BIG CONCERN. HIGH RESOLUTION MODIS

VISIBLE SATELLITE IMAGERY FROM JAN 28TH SHOWED THAT ICE THAT HAD

ACCUMULATED NEAR THE IL SHORE HAD BEEN BLOWN WELL OFFSHORE...AND

APPEARED SOMEWHAT FRAGMENTED IN NATURE EAST OF THE ILLINOIS SHORE.

THERE IS SOME UNCERTAINTY WITH RESPECT TO HOW MUCH THAT ICE WILL

RETARD WAVE DEVELOPMENT NEAR THE SHORE...BUT WITH 14-18FT

SIGNIFICANT WAVES AND OCCASIONAL WAVES OVER 25FT OFFSHORE

POTENTIALLY TAKING A TOLL ON ICE HAVE OPTED TO ERR ON THE SIDE OF

CAUTION AND HOIST A LAKESHORE FLOOD WATCH. ITS POSSIBLE THAT ICE

COULD MITIGATE THE COASTAL FLOOD POTENTIAL...BUT HARD TO SAY FOR

SURE AND IF ICE ISNT A BIG DETERRENT THEN THE COASTAL FLOODING COULD

BE VERY SIGNIFICANT.

IZZI

That AFD has to be one of the best AFDs I have ever read.

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GRR AFD

.STORM TERM (437 AM EST MON JAN 31 2011) (TUESDAY NIGHT THROUGH WEDNESDAY) CONFIDENCE REMAINS HIGH IN A WINTER STORM IMPACTING SOUTHWEST LOWER MICHIGAN TUESDAY NIGHT AND WEDNESDAY GIVEN LIMITED VARIATION IN STORM TRACK AND MODEL OUTPUT. WILL CONTINUE THE WINTER STORM WATCH AS IS FOR ALL COUNTIES OF THE GRR FORECAST AREA. TWO MAIN UPPER AIR PLAYERS CONTINUE TO DIG ACROSS THE WEST...WITH THE CANADIAN SHORTWAVE TROUGH DIGGING TOWARD THE DAKOTAS. THE SOUTHERN FEATURE IS WORKING THROUGH THE DESERT SOUTHWEST NEAR LAS VEGAS. GIVEN THE DISTANT LOCATIONS OF THESE FEATURES WE STILL HAVE A WAYS TO GO IN EVOLUTION. MODELS PHASE THE TWO UPPER FEATURES INTO A WESTERN TROUGH TONIGHT...EJECTING THE SOUTHERN FEATURE TOWARD THE GREAT LAKES TUESDAY. TUESDAY NIGHT INTO MIDDAY WEDNESDAY THE 500MB LOW WILL MOVE FROM SOUTHWEST MISSOURI TO NEAR TOLEDO. THE SURFACE LOW TRACK IS GENERALLY FROM SOUTHERN ILLINOIS TO NORTHEAST OHIO. THE EUROPEAN REMAINS THE FURTHEST NORTH TRACK. IT STILL APPEARS MUCH OF THE FORECAST AREA IS IN LINE FOR SIGNIFICANT SNOWS. 10-14 INCH SNOWS LOOK TO BE QUITE POSSIBLE FOR AREAS ALONG AND SOUTH OF A MUSKEGON TO ALMA LINE...WITH THE HEAVIEST SNOW (AROUND 14 INCHES) LINING UP FROM BETWEEN SOUTH HAVEN AND SAUGATUCK NEAR GLENN EAST-NORTHEAST TO LANSING. THE FAR SOUTH...ALONG I94 EAST OF KALAMAZOO...MAY FLIRT WITH THE DRY SLOT LATE TUESDAY NIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING WHICH COULD KNOCK A COUPLE INCHES OFF THE TOTALS DOWN THERE. THE SNOW WILL BE A ONE/TWO PUNCH AS TUESDAY NIGHT WILL FEATURE STRONG ISENTROPIC LIFT DURING THE EVENING INTO THE EARLY OVERNIGHT HOURS. THE REMAINDER OF THE NIGHT HEAVY SNOW WILL BE AIDED BY THE COUPLED UPPER JET WHICH WILL BE CENTERED OVER THE AREA. INTO WEDNESDAY...HEAVY SNOW ASSOCIATED WITH THE TROWAL WILL PUSH THROUGH THE AREA. THE HEAVIEST SNOW WILL LIKELY COME LATE TUESDAY NIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY MORNING WHERE SNOWFALL RATES WILL LIKELY EXCEED AN INCH AN HOUR. NEXT CONCERN IS THE WIND AND WHETHER OR NOT WE WILL REACH BLIZZARD CRITERIA. AT THIS POINT THERE IS NOT ENOUGH CONFIDENCE IN REACHING BLIZZARD CRITERIA SO MADE NO CHANGES TO THE HEADLINE. FEEL WE ARE LOOKING AT A PRETTY SOLID 15 TO 30 MPH WIND MUCH OF THE TIME OF THE WATCH. GUSTS SHOULD BE PUSHING UP INTO THE 30-35 MPH RANGE. BLIZZARD CRITERIA IS STRINGENT AND IS AS FOLLOWS...SUSTAINED WIND OR FREQUENT GUSTS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 35 MPH ACCOMPANIED BY FALLING OR BLOWING SNOW FREQUENTLY REDUCING VISIBILITY TO A QUARTER MILE OR LESS FOR 3 HOURS OR MORE. WE WILL VERY LIKELY HIT THE QUARTER MILE FOR 3 HOURS OR MORE...THE REAL QUESTION MARK IS THE 35 MPH WINDS. AGAIN AT THIS POINT CONFIDENCE IS JUST NOT THERE IN OUR AREA TO GO BLIZZARD WATCH...ALTHOUGH IT IS A CONCERN. WE ARE EXPECTING BLIZZARD LIKE CONDITIONS THOUGH GIVEN A FOOT OF SNOW AND WINDS IN THE 20-30 MPH RANGE. WHITEOUTS...ALONG WITH CONSIDERABLE BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW ARE EXPECTED. THIS STORM WILL HAVE SIGNIFICANT IMPACT TO MUCH OF SOUTHWEST LOWER MICHIGAN TUESDAY NIGHT INTO WEDNESDAY WITH FOOT SNOWFALLS NOT HAPPENING VERY OFTEN. COMBINED WITH THE STIFF NORTH-NORTHEAST WINDS...DRIFTING SNOW WILL MAKE CLEARING ROADS AND DRIVEWAYS VERY DIFFICULT UNTIL WE GET TO WEDNESDAY EVENING. SOME CAVEATS REMAIN WITH THIS SYSTEM AS IT IS STILL 36 HOURS OUT. THE COMPLEX MID LEVEL EVOLUTION OUT WEST IS STILL A CONCERN AND EXACT TRACK IS YET UNKNOWN AS THE SURFACE LOW IS STILL 24 HOURS FROM EVEN MAKING A TURN TO THE NORTH OUT OF TX. THE DRY SLOT MAY IMPACT SOUTHEAST PORTIONS OF THE FORECAST AREA...WHICH WOULD CUT DOWN SNOWFALL AMOUNTS SOME. THE QUICK MOVEMENT AND A SOUTHERN SURFACE LOW TRACK ARE STILL A BIT TROUBLESOME AS WELL. MODEL CONSISTENCY THOUGH IS WHY WATCHES ARE IN PLACE AND OUR CONFIDENCE REMAINS HIGH. WE WILL BE MONITORING THE AFOREMENTIONED CONCERNS HOWEVER TO PROVIDE TWEAKS AS WE HEAD INTO THE WARNING PHASE.

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URGENT - WINTER WEATHER MESSAGE

NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE NORTHERN INDIANA

443 AM EST MON JAN 31 2011

...POTENT WINTER STORM TO AFFECT THE REGION...

.A WINTRY MIX WILL SPREAD NORTHEAST AHEAD OF A DEVELOPING LOW

PRESSURE SYSTEM MONDAY NIGHT. SNOW WILL DEVELOP MONDAY NIGHT WITH

A MIX OF SLEET AND SNOW EXPECTED MAINLY SOUTH OF HIGHWAY 24. SNOW

ACCUMULATIONS MONDAY NIGHT WILL BE GENERALLY 3 TO 5 INCHES...WITH

LESSER AMOUNTS WHERE THE MIX OCCURS. WINDS WILL INCREASE EARLY

TUESDAY WITH BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW...ALTHOUGH THERE WILL

LIKELY BE A LULL WITH THE FALLING SNOW TUESDAY MORNING.

ON TUESDAY AFTERNOON...STRONG LOW PRESSURE TO THE SOUTHWEST WILL

PUSH INTO THE OHIO VALLEY...ACCOMPANIED BY DETERIORATING WEATHER

CONDITIONS IN THE AREA. HEAVY SNOW WITH BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW

IS LIKELY BY LATE TUESDAY. SNOW WILL CONTINUE INTO WEDNESDAY

AFTERNOON...ENDING BY WEDNESDAY EVENING. SNOW MAY MIX WITH OR

CHANGE TO SLEET OR FREEZING RAIN SOUTH OF ROUTE 24...WITH

SIGNIFICANT ICING POSSIBLE. SNOWFALL AMOUNTS OF UP TO 18 INCHES

WILL BE POSSIBLE WITH THIS SYSTEM...WITH LOCALLY HIGHER AMOUNTS

OF OVER 20 INCHES NOT OUT OF THE REALM OF POSSIBILITY. THESE

HIGHER AMOUNTS WILL LIKELY BE ACROSS FAR NORTHERN INDIANA AND

SOUTHWEST LOWER MICHIGAN.

SUSTAINED WINDS OF 15 TO 30 MPH WITH HIGHER GUSTS...WOULD SUPPORT

WIDESPREAD BLOWING AND DRIFTING SNOW...WITH DRIFTS POTENTIALLY

REACHING SEVERAL FEET IN SOME LOCATIONS. BLIZZARD TO NEAR BLIZZARD

CONDITIONS ARE POSSIBLE IN MANY AREAS NORTH OF US 24...WITH

VISIBILITIES DOWN TO ZERO AT TIMES. TRAVEL WILL LIKELY BE

DIFFICULT TO IMPOSSIBLE IN MANY AREAS...WITH ROAD CLOSURES

POSSIBLE. THERE IS STILL SOME UNCERTAINTY REGARDING THE EXACT

TRACK OF THIS SYSTEM...AS CURRENT FORECAST SNOW AMOUNTS AND STORM

IMPACTS COULD CERTAINLY CHANGE. PERSONS IN THE AREA SHOULD PREPARE

FOR THIS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS STORM. LISTEN TO NOAA WEATHER RADIO

OR YOUR LOCAL MEDIA FOR LATER UPDATES ON THIS POTENTIALLY

DANGEROUS SITUATION...ESPECIALLY PERSONS PLANNING TRAVEL IN THE

REGION.

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