Hi. I actually do meteorological instrumentation as my profession. Temperature measurement is are actually very reliable and is the easiest of the weather parameters to measure. The mercury thermometers made 100-200 years ago were very accurate (to within 1°F). As far as calibration, traditional ice water and a boiling water stove provide an accurate 2 point calibration that is still used today. Now is is true that modern thermometers are more precise. We can reliably measure temperatures to 0.01°F in laboratory settings and 0.1°F in natural settings. But for climatology that is all you need.