The aforementioned next system will start to spread warm
advection aloft over WNY late overnight into Saturday morning.
As such, light snow will become common and spread eastward
across the area through the morning and early afternoon hours. A
track of the surface low is favored across Wisconsin into
Ontario, which is well north of the area. This will result in a
warm tongue making its way into the lower Great Lakes. Evolution
of this warm tongue is of key importance to the eventual weather
over much of our area. The GFS quite oddly is the warm outlying
solution with positive 850 hPa temperatures running up to the
south Lake Ontario shoreline as warm advection continues into
the evening. The NAM and ECMWF and GEFS mean all fail to do
this. However, give the track of the low, and southwesterly flow
off the lake, it seems difficult to fathom that the boundary
layer won`t run up above freezing from Dunkirk to Buffalo and
probably at least as far east as Rochester. As such, it would
seem precipitation should at least mix with sleet in the coldest
solutions and mix with rain or change to rain in the warmer
solutions. That said, a full changeover has been put in the
forecast from Dunkirk to Buffalo with a mix with rain/sleet over
the Southern Tier and all the way up along the entirety of the
southern shore of Lake Ontario.
Accumulations of snow in warm advection are always tricky. The
SLRs are virtually always overestimated in the multi-model
blends and the Cobb method likewise yields ratios that are too
high most of the time. This will be of key concern due to the
extensive riming likely in our warm advection regime given the
magnitude of warm air off the surface and the probability of
near or above zero Celsius at 850 hPa. These both work to
drastically decrease the SLRs observed. The forecast was thus
built with far lower than climo SLRs for at least the warm
advection portion of the event.
As the trailing cold front pushes across the area Saturday
evening and night, cold air will come rushing in, and soundings
will quickly become drastically unstable in the lower levels. A
nice push of differential PVA works with these lapse rates to
probably yield a quick push of snow along and just behind the
front for everyone before moisture peels off and lake effect
becomes the predominant issue. As this occurs, and concurrent
with the cold frontal passage, wind off the deck starts to ramp
up toward 50 kts, and given unstable low level lapse rates, this
will yield a wind post-frontal period across the area. However,
given the exceedingly wet snow ahead of the front, it probably
will take a bit before blowing snow would become a concern, and
most areas other than the inland North Country will not have
seen enough snow to make blowing snow an issue until late into
Saturday night.
As lake effect ramps up in cold advection overnight Saturday
night into Sunday, the Lake Erie band will start near Buffalo
then wander southward as the boundary layer cools. Quick wet
accumulations may be possible in Buffalo before the much more
efficient snows drift with the band toward the Boston Hills and
points southward. SLRs rapidly ramp up toward 20:1 as this
occurs, as well. Similarly, the same thing happens east of Lake
Ontario on Sunday, with a dominant band likely east of Lake
Ontario to dump high ratio lake snows on and near the Tug Hill.
Headlines in both locations will be likely.