SACRUS

Highs: PHL: 78 EWR: 77 New Brnswck: 76 ISP: 76 JFK: 76 TEB: 75 LGA: 74 NYC: 74 TTN: 74 BLM: 71 ACY: 71

Yes Sep 7th 101

Records: Highs: EWR: 95 (1991) NYC: 93 (1915) LGA: 95 (1991) JFK: 89 (1991) Lows: EWR: 42 (1984) NYC: 47 (1966) LGA: 48 (1984) JFK: 48 (1959) Historical: 1875: A hurricane stuck Indianola, TX killing 176 people. 75% of the town was swept away from the disastrous storm surge. The highest wind registered was 88 mph before the anemometer blew away. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1881 - Iowa's earliest measurable snow of record fell over western sections of the state. Four to six inches was reported between Stuart and Avoca. (The Weather Channel) 1888: An estimated F2 tornado struck Washington, DC. The tornado first touched down on the south side of the city then moved up Maryland Avenue. The National Museum and Botanical Gardens were damaged before the tornado lifted off the ground. 1928 - Hurricane San Felipe, a monster hurricane, which left 600 dead in Guadeloupe, and 300 dead in Puerto Rico, struck West Palm Beach FL causing enormous damage, and then headed for Lake Okeechobee. When the storm was over, the lake covered an area the size of the state of Delaware, and beneath its waters were 2000 victims. The only survivors were those who reached large hotels for safety, and a group of fifty people who got onto a raft to take their chances out in the middle of the lake. (David Ludlum) 1915: Boston, Massachusetts has the warmest minimum temperature of 76 °F for the month of September. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1928: The Okeechobee Hurricane, also known as the San Felipe Segundo Hurricane was one of the deadliest hurricanes in the history of the Atlantic basin. This Hurricane made landfall near West Palm Beach, Florida as a Category 4 storm during the evening hours of the 16th. The storm surge caused water to pour out of the southern edge of Lake Okeechobee, flooding hundreds of square miles as high as 20 feet. This storm killed over 4,000 people, including 2,500 in Florida. 1933: The second major hurricane of the very busy season struck the North Carolina coast near New Bern with maximum sustained winds of 120 mph and a central pressure of 957 millibars or 28.26 inches of mercury. 76 mph winds were reported at Cape Hatteras, NC. 21 people died and significant damage was reported in Virginia and Maryland. Damage was set at $1 million dollars. The Category 3 storm followed on the heels of the damaging Chesapeake – Potomac Hurricane, which struck the coast in late August (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1961 - Hurricane Esther was seeded by Navy planes in the inaugural experiment of what was to formally become Project STORMFURY next year. Esther was the first hurricane to be initially detected by satellite. On Sept. 10th, TIROS III imaged an area of disturbed weather a hundred miles southwest of the Cabo Verde Islands. 1964: Concord, NH recorded a morning low of 27°, making this the shortest growing season on record at just 100 days.(Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1965: Rawlins, WY recorded their greatest daily precipitation on record as 2.06 inches of precipitation fell, including 14.5 inches of snow.(Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1967: Hurricane Doria formed off Florida and moved northeast into the Atlantic. However, it reversed course and moved west to the lower Delmarva coast as a hurricane, then turned southwest, making landfall north of Cape Hatteras, NC as a tropical storm. This is a historic hurricane for two reasons. It was the 1st time on record that a tropical system made landfall north of Cape Hatteras, moving from the northeast. Also on this date, a noteworthy first occurred in satellite photography when Doria, Hurricane Chloe, southeast of Nova Scotia, Canada and Hurricane Beulah, about to move into Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, were all photographed on the same orbital pass by ESSA 2. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1971: A record breaking early fall snow storm caused extensive damage to trees and utility lines. The heavy wet snow occurred with little wind but caused record breaking cold temperatures for so early in the season. Snowfall totaled 15.6 inches at Stapleton International Airport with most of the snowfall 12.0 inches occurring on the 17th. This was the heaviest first snow of the season. The maximum snow depth on the ground was 13 inches. Record low temperatures were set on three consecutive days: 31 degrees on the 17th 23 degrees on the 18th and 20 degrees on the 19th which was also a new all-time record minimum for the month at that time. Record low maximum temperatures were set on 4 consecutive days: 48 degrees on the 16th 35 degrees on the 17th 40 degrees on the 18th and 42 degrees on the 19th. Tony Hake Providing Local Weather for Thornton, Colorado (http://www.thorntonweather.com) Early Denver CO Snow 1984 - The remains of Tropical Storm Edourd began to produce torrential rains in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Port Isabel reported more than 21 inches. (The Weather Channel) 1987 - Overnight rains soaked Arkansas, with 5.25 inches reported at Bismarck. In the town of Malvern, up to four feet of water was reported over several downtown streets, with water entering some homes and businesses. Thunderstorms in Texas drenched Lufkin with 4.30 inches of rain in just three hours. Evening thunderstorms produced severe weather in Missouri. A small tornado near Kirksville lifted a barn thirty feet into the air and then demolished it. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Hurricane Gilbert moved ashore into Mexico. The hurricane established an all-time record for the western hemisphere with a barometric reading of 26.13 inches. Winds approached 200 mph, with higher gusts. Gilbert devastated Jamaica and the Yucatan Peninsula. (The Weather Channel) Hurricane Gilbert made landfall 120 miles south of Brownsville TX during the early evening. Winds gusted to 61 mph at Brownsville, and reached 82 mph at Padre Island. Six foot tides eroded three to four feet off beaches along the Lower Texas Coast, leaving the waterline seventy-five feet farther inland. Rainfall totals ranged up to 8.71 inches at Lamar TX. Gilbert caused three million dollars damage along the Lower Texas Coast, but less than a million dollars damage along the Middle Texas Coast. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Showers and thunderstorms, respresenting what remained of Hurricane Octave, brought locally heavy rains to California, impeding the drying process for raisins and other crops. Sacramento CA was soaked with 1.53 inches of rain in six hours. At Phoenix AZ, the afternoon high of 107 degrees marked a record seventy-six days with afternoon highs 105 degrees or above. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1996: Two weeks after Hurricane Fran lashed eastern North Carolina with torrential flooding rains and 115 mph winds, at least three damaging tornadoes spun through the same communities from severe thunderstorms. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1999: The remnants of Hurricane Floyd caused major flooding to North Carolina. More than 10 inches of rain fell in a swath from North Carolina to New Jersey. Many streams in the targeted areas reached 100-year and, in some instances, 500-year predicted levels. It ranks among eastern North Carolina, southeastern Virginia, the central and northern Delmarva Peninsula, and New Jersey's most destructive flood disasters. Floyd's Track - Weather Underground (Ref. More Information About Floyd) 2000: The record high of 95° at Denver, Co set three records: 1.) New record high for the date. 2.) The warmest reading for this late in the year. 3.) It marked the 60th day during the year the temperature reached 90° or above, tying the record set back in 1994. Miles City, MT hit 100°, their latest 100 degree reading on record. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2004 - Hurricane Ivan turned northward over cooler waters, and made landfall in southern Alabama as a Category 3 storm. Hurricane Ivan had a very unusual track almost making a huge circle.

67 / 62 those partly cloudy forecasts were very questionable looking at the satellite vis loop yesterday. Some showers and light rain into the bottom half of NJ as the cut off ULL spins off the Mid Atlantic coast. Pushes north tomorrow with light drizzle. / rain and showers and a cool onshore flow keeping most places in the low 60s. Slowly clear out Thu and warms up on a NW flow. Fri warmest day of the next 5-7 mid 80s in the warmest spots. Dry cooler weekends- 70s then overall warmer beyond there. 9/16 - 9/17 : Clouds ULL , light rain - cooler 9/18 - 9/19: Warmer - warmest Fri ahead of front 9/20 - 9/21 : Dry / cooler weekend a bit below normal 9/22 - Beyond : Overall warmer

Highs: PHL: 85 EWR: 83 ISP: 82 TEB: 81 New Brnswck: 81 JFK: 81 TTN: 81 LGA: 80 NYC: 79 ACY: 77 BLM: 76

1995 is the correct year. There was an issue copying it over 0 good catch.

Still upper 60s - low 70s

79 / 57 here

We had a period of warmer SST vs normal in the late Jun - late July period then Erin caused tremendous upwelling and the recent easterly barrage has created the current cool pool anomaly.

Latest SST anomaly

Records: Highs: EWR: 94 (1983) NYC: 92 (1927) LGA: 91 (1993) JFK: 85 (2008) Lows: EWR: 47 (1975) NYC: 44 (1873) LGA: 49 (1975) JFK: 45 (1975) Historical: 1747: Some historical accounts of a hurricane caused flooding on the Rappahannock River in Virginia. A slave ship was overturned, and several fatalities were reported. 1752 - A great hurricane produced a tide along the South Carolina coast which nearly inundated downtown Charleston. However, just before the tide reached the city, a shift in the wind caused the water level to drop five feet in ten minutes. (David Ludlum) 1910 - Rains of .27 inch on the 14th and .73 inch on the 15th were the earliest and heaviest of record for Fresno CA, which, along with much of California, experiences a ""rainy season"" in the winter. (The Weather Channel) 1916: St. Paul's earliest snow ever. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1922: The noon wet bulb temperature of 79.3°F was the highest ever-recorded in Washington, DC until this date. (Ref. Washington Weather Records - KDCA) 1939 - The temperature at Detroit MI soared to 100 degrees to establish a record for September. (The Weather Channel) 1939" The temperature at Detroit MI soared to 100 °F to establish a record for September. (The Weather Channel) (Ref. WxDoctor) (Ref. Many Additional Temperatures Listed On This Link) 1944: Boston, Massachusetts recorded its lowest September pressure of 28.62 inches of mercury from the "Great Atlantic Hurricane". (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1945: A hurricane entered the south Florida coast at Homestead, curving northward right up through the center of Florida, remaining over land, and exited near Jacksonville Beach with winds gusting to 170 mph. The following is from the Homestead Air Reserve Base. “On Sept. 15, 1945, three years to the day after the founding of the Homestead Army Air Field, a massive hurricane roared ashore, sending winds of up to 145 miles per hour tearing through the Air Field's buildings. Enlisted housing facilities, the nurses' dormitory, and the Base Exchange were all destroyed. The roof was ripped from what would later become building 741, the Big Hangar. The base laundry and fire station were both declared total losses. The few remaining aircraft were tossed about like leaves.” 1965: Heavy snow across parts of Wyoming from the 13th through the 15th was by far the heaviest for so early in the season, resulting in 23 inches in Rawlins and 20.7 inches in Lander. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1977: Sioux Falls, SD residents received a rude awakening during the morning hours as thunderstorms rolled through the city. Over 2.5 inches of rain fell in the city in an hour and 15 minutes. The large amount of rain in a short period of time led to street flooding in some areas. Lightning strikes from the storms also started several fires. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1982 - A snowstorm over Wyoming produced 16.9 inches at Lander to esablish a 24 hour record for September for that location. (13th-15th) (The Weather Channel) 1987 - The first snow of the season was observed at the Winter Park ski resort in Colorado early in the day. Eight inches of snow was reported at the Summit of Mount Evans, along with wind gusts to 61 mph. Early morning thunderstorms in Texas produced up to six inches of rain in Real County. Two occupants of a car drowned, and the other six occupants were injured as it was swept into Camp Wood Creek, near the town of Leakey. Late afternoon and evening thunderstorms produced severe weather in central and northeastern Oklahoma. Wind gusts to 70 mph and golf ball size hail were reported around Oklahoma City OK. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Thunderstorms brought much needed rains to parts of the central U.S. Rainfall totals of 2.87 inches at Sioux City IA and 4.59 inches at Kansas City MO were records for the date. Up to eight inches of rain deluged the Kansas City area, nearly as much rain as was received the previous eight months. Hurricane Gilbert, meanwhile, slowly churned toward the U.S./Mexican border. (The National Weather Summary) 1989 - Showers and thunderstorms produced locally heavy rain in the Central Appalachians. Virgie VA received 2.60 inches of rain during the evening hours, and Bartlett TN was deluged with 2.75 inches in just ninety minutes. Heavy rain left five cars partially submerged in high water in a parking lot at Bulls Gap TN. Thunderstorms over central North Carolina drenched the Fayetteville area with four to eight inches of rain between 8 PM and midnight. Flash flooding, and a couple of dam breaks, claimed the lives of two persons, and caused ten million dollars damage. Hugo, churning over the waters of the Carribean, strengthened to the category of a very dangerous hurricane, packing winds of 150 mph. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1975: Marilyn struck the Virgin Islands as a Category 3 Hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph and an estimated minimum central pressure of 952 millibars or 28.11 inches of mercury. The strongest, most damaging part of the storm passed directly over the island of St. Thomas. The island of Culebra reported an unofficial wind gust of 125 mph. Storm surge was generally 6 to 7 feet with an isolated 11.7 storm surge in St. Croix. 80% of the homes and business on St. Thomas were destroyed and 10,000 people were left homeless. 30% of the homes on St. John were destroyed and 60% were left roofless. Marilyn caused 8 deaths and $1.5 billion dollars in damage. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1995: Hurricane Marilyn strikes Virgin Islands. It hit the U.S. Virgin Islands as a strong category 2 storm with top winds of 115 mph. The strongest, most damaging part of the storm passed directly over St. Thomas Island. It caused 8 deaths and $1.5 billion in damages. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 2004: (Sep. 13th-16th) Hurricane Ivan affected coastal AL/W FL Panhandle; landfall occurred near Gulf Shores, AL, early on 16th. A buoy just S of the AL coastal waters reported an incredible peak wave height of 52 feet today before breaking loose of its mooring. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Pheno 2010: The largest hailstone in Kansas was found in southwest Wichita. It measured 7.75 inches in diameter. 2011: An EF0 Waterspout moved ashore in Ocean City, Maryland.

63 / 61 p cloudy. Warm today and a bit more cloudy w/ upper 70s / low 80s. Onshore and more clouds building in Tue - Wed with the cut off ULL bringing showers / rain Wed / Thu AM. Clears out Thu PM / Friday warmest day in a while could see some upper 80s to 90 in the hottest spots. Dry weekend / a touch cooler/ Overall warmer Sep 9/22 and beyond.

Highs: TEB: 90 * PHL: 88 New Brnswck: 84 TTN: 84 EWR: 83 LGA: 81 ACY: 81 NYC: 81 ISP: 79 JFK: 79 BLM: 78

Highs: EWR: 94 (2016) NYC: 93 (1931) LGA: 92 (2016) JFK: 89 (1995) Lows: EWR: 45 (1975) NYC: 45 (1975) LGA: 48 (1975) JFK: 48 (1975) Historical: 1824: A hurricane storm surge swept over the islands of the Georgia coast with a great loss of life, destruction of crops, and severe floods inland. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1912: Hurricane makes landfall just west of Mobile, Alabama. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1919: 357 people died as a hurricane made landfall near Corpus Christi, TX. A 16 foot storm surge inundated the low-lying areas, destroying almost all of the wooden buildings. Port Aransas was almost totally demolished. Damage totaled $20.3 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1928: A violent, estimated F4 tornado, with winds of 200 mph, tore across Rockford, Illinois. The tornado first touched down 8 miles south-southwest of Rockford and moved across the southeast part of the city. The tornado was on the ground for 25 miles with a width varying from 200 to 500 feet. A total of 14 people were killed, with around 100 injuries reported in Rockford alone. Two hundred buildings were damaged or destroyed. 1937 - The mercury soared to 92 degrees at Seattle, WA, a record for September. (The Weather Channel) 1944 - A very destructive hurricane swept across Cape Hatteras and Chesapeake Bay, side swiped New Jersey and Long Island, and crossed southeastern Massachusetts. The hurricane killed more than four hundred persons, mainly at sea. The hurricane destroyed the Atlantic City NJ boardwalk. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1960: Hurricane Ethel developed rapidly in the central Gulf of Mexico early on this date, intensified and moved northward with winds estimated as high as 130 mph near the center late on this date. Ethel went from a tropical storm to briefly a Category 5 within 18 hours. Ethel decreased in intensity rapidly before reaching the coast near the Alabama- Mississippi border on the 15th as a minimal hurricane. Hurricane force winds were reported in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, including Venice which reported sustained winds of 90 mph and gusts of up to 105 mph. Rainfall totals ranged from 2 to 10 inches. Damage was estimated at $1 million dollars and no fatalities were reported. Despite attaining Category 5 intensity, Ethel name was not retired. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1970 - The temperature at Fremont, OR, dipped to 2 above zero to equal the state record for September set on the 24th in 1926. (The Weather Channel) 1971: A strong ridge was in place across the west giving very high temperature included: Palm Springs, CA: 114°, Phoenix, AZ: 109°, Victorville, CA: 108°, Fresno, CA: 105°, Stockton, CA: 104°, Sacramento, CA: 103°, San Francisco (Airport), CA: 103°, Santa Ana, CA: 100°, Bishop, CA: 100°, Downtown Los Angeles, CA: 97°, Winslow, AZ: 95 °F. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1977: Severe thunderstorms produced several tornadoes in eastern Arkansas, killing one. 1982: Beginning the previous day, heavy early season snow blanketed parts of the northern Rockies. Totals included Red Lodge, MT: 36 inches, Mystic Lake, MT: 30 inches, Nye, MT: 15 inches, Sheridan, WY: 7 inches, Billings, MT: 6 inches and Joliet/Columbus, MT: 4 inches. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1984: A lightning bolt struck a soccer field in West Goshen Township, PA. 26 people were injured and 4 hospitalized, including players, coaches, officials, and spectators. One of the hospitalized died 5 days later. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1987 - Barrow, AK, received 5.1 inches of snow, a record for September. (Sandra and TI Richard Sanders - 1987) 1987 - Thunderstorms developing along a cold front produced severe weather from Minnesota to Texas. Thunderstorms in Iowa produced baseball size hail at Laporte City, and 80 mph winds at Laurens. Hail caused more than ten million dollars damage to crops in Iowa. Thunderstorms in Missouri produced wind gusts to 75 mph at Missouri City and Kansas City. A thunderstorm in Texas deluged the town of Fairlie with two inches of rain in just two hours. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1988 - Hurricane Gilbert made the first of its two landfalls on Mexico, producing 170 mph winds at Cozumel. (The Weather Channel) 1988 - Thunderstorms produced severe weather over the Texas panhandle during the evening hours. One thunderstorm spawned a strong (F-2) tornado in the southwest part of Amarillo, and deluged the area with five inches of rain. The heavy rain left roads under as much as five feet of water, and left Lawrence Lake a mile out of its banks. Hurricane Gilbert lost some of its punch crossing the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. Its maximum winds diminished to 120 mph. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Unseasonably cool weather prevailed across the south central U.S. Eight cities reported record low temperatures for the date, including Raton NM with a reading of 30 degrees. The afternoon high of 59 degrees at Topeka KS marked their third straight record cool maximum temperature. Unseasonably warm weather continued in the Pacific Northwest. Seattle WA reported a record eight days in a row of 80 degree weather in September. (Storm Data) (The National Weather Summary) 1992: A record early season snowstorm came to and end over the western Tanana Valley in central Alaska. 16.7 inches of snow fell at Fairbanks which set a new record for the greatest September snowstorm on record. Denali National Park was buried under 37.6 inches over the four day period and Eielson Air Force Base checked in with 23.5 inches. Along with the snow came record lows across parts of the state including: Barrow, AK: 13°, Delta Junction, AK: 23°, Nome, AK: 24°, Juneau, AK: 32°-Tied and Annette, AK: 38°. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1993: Canadian high pressure behind a strong cold front brought record chill to parts of the central U.S. Some low temperatures included: Camp Crook, SD: 19°, Porcupine, SD: 19°, Rapid City, SD: 24°, Sheridan, WY: 24°, Colorado Springs, CO: 28°, Cheyenne, WY: 29°, Pierre, SD: 31°, Goodland, KS: 31°, Pueblo, CO: 31°, Denver, CO: 32 °F. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1997: A powerful thunderstorm unleashed a destructive wind that wreaked havoc on a small section of Bullhead City, AZ. The fierce wind snapped 24 power poles and damaged approximately 80 houses and mobile homes. 22 of the homes were condemned. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1999: A powerful thunderstorm unleashed a destructive wind that wreaked havoc on a small section of Bullhead City, AZ. The largest peacetime evacuation in United States history was underway as 2.6 million residents of Florida, Georgia and the Carolinas were fleeing in advance of monstrous Hurricane Floyd. By days end, the Category 4 hurricane was battering the northern Bahamas packing winds of 135 mph with a minimum central pressure of 934 millibars or 27.58 inches of mercury. 1999: Drought emergencies and restrictions were lifted in NJ, from Burlington to Ocean Counties and to the S, after increasing rain ended a growing season drought that caused 80 million dollars in agricultural damage. Two days later the unprecedented rains of tropical storm Floyd effectively ended the drought, as up to 14.5" of rain fell, or about 4 months worth of normal rainfall.(Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2005: Hurricane Ophelia caused some damage and beach erosion along the United States coastline from Florida to North Carolina. The closest approach occurred on September 14 and 15 with its western eyewall crossing land and the eye remaining just offshore in the Carolinas. Click HERE for more information from the NWS Office in Charleston, South Carolina. 2008: Hurricane Ike became extratropical on this day. The St. Louis Metropolitan Area experienced hurricane conditions, with Ike's remnants inflicting severe damage to homes. Several areas in Illinois and Indiana, already flooded by the frontal boundary to the north, saw significant additional rainfall. Due to flooding in Chicago, a state of emergency was declared for Cook County due to flooding of the Des Plaines River. Hurricane-force wind gusts were reported to the east of the center across parts of Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania with significant wind damage including structural damage to buildings and trees. 2011: The remains of Hurricane Ike brought flooding rains/high winds/power losses to the St. Louis, MO, area. In Ladue, MO a woman died when lightning hit a tree and a large limb fell on her; in University City 2 people drowned while trying to move their cars to higher ground. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 2017: Irma is among the strongest Atlantic hurricanes on record based on wind speed. The major hurricane could notch more historic moments in the days ahead. Hurricane Irma is one of the most powerful hurricanes to roam the Atlantic Basin in more than a decade, and it could hit more historical benchmarks in the days ahead. Here's a rundown of Irma's notable extremes so far. Strongest Winds in Almost 12 Years Irma's maximum sustained winds have so far maxed out at 185 mph. Those winds are well above the 157 mph Category 5 threshold and are the highest registered in any Atlantic hurricane since 2005. Hurricane Wilma on Oct. 19, 2005, was the last hurricane to have maximum sustained winds reach 185 mph. Incredible #GOES16 imagery of Category 5 Hurricane #Irma with 185 mph max wind speeds. 10:36 PM - Sep 5, 2017 One of Four Hurricanes With 185+ MPH Winds The 185 mph winds also place Irma in the upper echelon of Atlantic hurricanes based on wind speed. Only three other hurricanes have had winds of 185 winds or greater, including Wilma (2005), Gilbert (1988) and Allen (1980), according to Dr. Phil Klotzbach, a tropical scientist at Colorado State University. Allen had the strongest winds of those four hurricanes, maxing out at 190 mph in early August 1980. Records that Irma set 2018: Hurricane Florence was a powerful and long-lived Cape Verde hurricane, as well as the wettest tropical cyclone on record in the Carolinas and the ninth-wettest tropical cyclone to affect the contiguous United States. The sixth named storm, third hurricane, and the first major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season, Florence originated from a strong tropical wave that emerged off the west coast of Africa on August 30, 2018. Steady organization resulted in the formation of a tropical depression on the next day near Cape Verde. Progressing along a steady west-northwest trajectory, the system acquired tropical storm strength on September 1, and fluctuated in strength for several days over open ocean. An unexpected bout of rapid intensification ensued on September 4– 5, culminating with Florence becoming a Category 4 major hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale with estimated maximum sustained winds of 130 mph - Florence A Write-Up For The Whole Storm

72 / 61 upper 70s - low 80s and another great day. Looks like a carbon copy on Monday for the most part. Cut off into the southeast drifts north later Tue PM - Wed with clouds SE/ESE flow and some rain. Clear out later THu pm and Fri is the warmest day of the batch and perhaps for a while. Another nice/dry weekend coming up for the 20th-21st.

Highs: TEB: 83 PHL: 83 New Brnswck: 82 TTN: 82 EWR: 79 ACY: 78 LGA: 77 NYC: 77 ISP: 76 BLM: 75 JFK: 75

82 / 58 a bit more clouds now than earlier this morning

Records: Highs: EWR: 94 (2005) NYC: 94 (1952) LGA: 93 (1952) JFK: 89 (1994) Lows: EWR: 49 (1985) NYC: 46 (1963) LGA: 50 (1985) JFK: 47 (1963) Historical: 1823: A strong category 1 or low category 2 hurricane struck near New Orleans, Louisiana and went toward Baton Rouge. Its strongest impacts occurred west of New Orleans. 1922 - The temperature at El Azizia in Libyia soared to 136 degrees to estbalish a world record. To make matters worse, a severe ghibi (dust storm) was in progress. (The Weather Channel) 1928 - Hurricane San Felipe crossed Puerto Rico resulting in the highest winds, the heaviest rains, and the greatest destruction in years. The hurricane produced much damage in the Virgin Islands, and later hit the Bahamas and Florida. (David Ludlum) 1934: The mercury soared to 92 degrees at Seattle, WA, a record for September. (The Weather Channel) 1944: Hampton Roads saw winds of 72 mph gusting to 90 mph. Richmond had 3.26 inches of rain on the 13th. Winds of 134 mph sustained with gusts to 150 mph lashed Cape Henry a wind record which remains standing today for the state.Virginia Beach saw the pressure fall to 28.80". Rainfall from the storm caused a flood of record at State Farm on the James river (26.4 feet).Damage totaled $2.5 million. Forty-six perished. This system was the first time that air force reconnaissance air craft were used to monitor a storm threatening the East Coast. Rec. Major east coast storm Sep. 13-15th 1944: The destroyer USS Warrington was sunk by the Great Atlantic Hurricane 300 miles east of Cape Canaveral, Florida. 247 men were lost in the tragedy. 1978: Little Rock, Arkansas saw 8.10 inches of rain which caused major flash flooding. Ten people were killed. 1984 - Hurricane Diana, after making a complete loop off the Carolina coast, made landfall and moved across eastern North Carolina. Diana deluged Cape Fear with more than eighteen inches of rain, and caused 78 million dollars damage in North Carolina. (Storm Data) 1987 - Showers and thunderstorms produced heavy rain in the northeastern U.S. Flooding was reported in Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Greenwood NY received 6.37 inches of rain. A dike along a creek at Prattsburg NY gave way and a two million dollar onion crop left on the ground to dry was washed away. The prolonged rains in the eastern U.S. finally came to an end late in the day as a cold front began to push the warm and humid airmass out to sea. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - Hurricane Gilbert smashed into the Cayman Islands, and as it headed for the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico strenghtened into a monster hurricane, packing winds of 175 mph. The barometric pressure at the center of Gilbert reached 26.13 inches (888 mb), an all-time record for any hurricane in the Carribean, Gulf of Mexico, or the Atlantic Ocean. Gilbert covered much of the Gulf of Mexico, producing rain as far away as the Florida Keys. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Unseasonably cool weather prevailed over the Central Plains Region, with a record low of 29 degrees at North Platte NE. Unseasonably warm weather prevailed across the Pacific Northwest, with a record high of 96 degrees at Eugene OR. Thunderstorms over south Texas produced wind gusts to 69 mph at Del Rio, and two inches of rain in two hours. (National Weather Summary) 1993: A strong, winter-type storm moving through the Rockies and the western Plains produced record early season snowfall. Denver, Colorado recorded 5.4 inches of snow for its greatest snowstorm ever for so early in the season, after reaching 92 degrees the day before. The same record was also set at both Cheyenne, Wyoming and Scottsbluff, Nebraska with 5.5 and 2.5 inches of snow, respectively. Along with the snow came record lows including: Cheyenne, WY: 29°, Rapid City, SD: 29°-Tied, Colorado Springs, CO: 32°-Tied and Denver, CO: 33°. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1994: Microburst winds of 100 mph removed the roof above 8 classrooms of the Littleton Elementary School in Cashion, AZ; 8 children/1 teacher were injured. The same storm littered the ground with golf ball-size hail and knocked down a mile-long stretch of power poles. (Ref. Weather Guide Calendar with Phenomenal Weather Events 2011 Accord Pub. 2010, USA) 1996: Hurricane Fausto moved across Baja on Friday night the 13th and continued moving north-northeastward, striking mainland Mexico early Saturday morning. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1998: Heavy rain of 5 to 12 inches fell over portions of extreme southeast Kansas. Unofficial reports of rainfall amounts as high as 14 inches was reported in Bourbon County, Kansas. The hardest hit areas were along the Marmaton River in Bourbon County including Ft. Scott. The highest estimated stage of the Marmaton River at Ft. Scott reached 50.05 feet on the 14th which is the second highest stage ever recorded. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1999: Hurricane Floyd on the verge of Category 5 status steamed steadily westward about 250 miles east of Miami. Forecasters warned that Floyd was much more dangerous than 1992's Hurricane Andrew due to its size. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2007: Hurricane Humberto made landfall just east of High Island, TX in the McFadden National Wildlife Refuge. Hurricane Humberto had maximum sustained winds near 90 mph and a minimum pressure of 985 millibars or 29.09 inches of mercury. Humberto made history due to its rapid intensification from a tropical depression the morning of September 12th, to a hurricane early on this date, as no other hurricane has ever strengthened so quickly close to landfall. Damage was estimated near $60 million dollars. Only five other storms in Atlantic Basin history has grown from a depression to a hurricane within 24 hours: Arlene & Flora in 1963, Blanche in 1969, Celia in 1970 (from depression to a Category 3) and Harvey in 1981. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2008: Hurricane Ike made landfall around 0700z along the northern end of Galveston Island, TX as a strong Category 2 storms with maximum sustained winds of 110 mph and a minimum central pressure of 28.14 inches of mercury. Prior to landfall, Ike covered an extensive area of the Gulf of Mexico with the largest radii of hurricane-force winds: 125 miles out from the center and tropical-storm force winds: 275 miles out from the center, ever measured. Much of Galveston and nearby coastal towns were left in shambles, and storm-surge damage extended well east into Louisiana. Ike resulted in 103 deaths across Hispaniola, Cuba and parts of the United States Gulf Coast and total damage at $32 billion dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2014: The 3rd of the top 10 US weather events according to Weatherwise magazine was the Boulder Colorado flash flood of September 9th through the 16th. This deluge dumped more than 9 inches of precipitation in 24 hours and 14 inches in four days on Colorado foothills unleashing furious flooding on Boulder and the surrounding towns. It damaged and destroyed 1800 homes, and washed out hundreds of miles of road, and cost $2 billion. (Ref.Weatherwise May/June 2013 page 15) 2017: Irma started on August 30th and reached its peak on Sep. 6th and hit FLA. on Sunday night Sep. 10th, 2017. On September 6, Irma reached its peak intensity with 185 mph (295 km/h) winds and a minimum pressure of 914 hPa (27.0 inHg), making it the strongest tropical cyclone worldwide so far in 2017. Another eyewall replacement cycle caused Irma to weaken back to a Category 4 hurricane, but the storm attained Category 5 status for a second time while making landfall in Cuba. After dropping to Category 3 intensity due to land interaction, the storm re-intensified to Category 4 as it crossed warm waters between Cuba and Florida before making landfall on Cudjoe Key with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph (215 km/h). Irma dropped back to Category 3 by the time it made a second Florida landfall on Marco Island 2018: Hurricane Florence was a powerful and long-lived Cape Verde hurricane, as well as the wettest tropical cyclone on record in the Carolinas and the ninth-wettest tropical cyclone to affect the contiguous United States. The sixth named storm, third hurricane, and the first major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season, Florence originated from a strong tropical wave that emerged off the west coast of Africa on August 30, 2018. Steady organization resulted in the formation of a tropical depression on the next day near Cape Verde. Progressing along a steady west-northwest trajectory, the system acquired tropical storm strength on September 1, and fluctuated in strength for several days over open ocean. An unexpected bout of rapid intensification ensued on September 4– 5, culminating with Florence becoming a Category 4 major hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale with estimated maximum sustained winds of 130 mph 2008: Hurricane Ike made landfall as a Category 2 storm near Galveston, Texas. 2017: The NWS Office in Reno, Nevada, issued their first tornado warning since July 21st, 2014.

58 / 56 - partly sunny today. Upper 70s / low 80s. Overall warmer the next week / through Friday. Onshore pushing in along the coast, ridge above and cutoff below into the SE with ridge north. Warmest days Sun (9/13) and Fri 9(19) mid 80s in the hottest spots perhaps warmer. Mid week cut off ULL is in the SE / GFS more north so perhaps clouds and showers making it north, especially in southern section. Looks like we have some semblance of a cut off / front come through from the GL/MW next weekend 20-21 and a brief period near/below normal. Overall warmer beyond there.

Highs: PHL: 84 EWR: 81 New Brnswck: 80 TEB: 80 TTN: 80 ACY: 80 ISP: 79 * missing intra hour highs 1Pm - 7Pm LGA: 79 JFK: 78 NYC: 78 BLM: 75

Up to 76 but an area of clouds rolling through now more sunny

Records: Highs: EWR: 95 (1961) NYC: 94 (1961) LGA: 94 (1961) JFK: 91 (1981) Lows: EWR: 47 (1958) NYC: 46 (1917) LGA: 52 (1967) JFK: 46 (1967) Historical: 1775: The Independence Hurricane caught many fishing boats on the Grand Banks off Newfoundland Canada killing 4,000 seamen, most from Britain and Ireland. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1857: The SS Central America sinks during a hurricane, killing 425 lives. Fourteen tons of gold was aboard the ship as well. 1869: A hail storm between 1 and 3 AM broke windows and caused considerable damage to late vegetables at Madilia, MN in Watonwan County. (Ref. AccWeather Weather History) 1882 - Hot and dry winds caused tree foliage in eastern Kansas to wither and crumble. (David Ludlum) 1921: The San Antonio River flooded, killing 51 people and causing millions of dollars in damages. The flood was caused by some of the heaviest rainfall ever recorded in Texas. A storm stalled over the town of Taylor and dumped an astounding 23.11 inches of rain on the area in less than a day. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1944: The destroyer USS Warrington was sunk by the Great Atlantic Hurricane 300 miles east of Cape Canaveral, FL. 247 men were lost in the tragedy. The hurricane would pass just east of the North Carolina Outer Banks and make landfall on the east end of Long Island, then pass into Rhode Island. The Great Atlantic hurricane was significant because it was the first storm in which forecasters had regular aircraft reconnaissance reports available. The success convinced the military of the value of reconnaissance and the program continued and evolved to what it is today. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1950: Hurricane Dog was the most intense hurricane in the 1950 Atlantic hurricane season. The fourth named storm of the season, Dog developed on August 30 to the east of Antigua; after passing through the northern Lesser Antilles, it turned to the north and intensified into a Category 5 hurricane. Dog reached its peak intensity with winds of 185 mph (300 km/h) over the open Atlantic and after weakening, it passed within 200 miles (320 km) of Cape Cod Hurricane Dog retains the record for longest continuous duration for a Category 5 Atlantic hurricane, although Hurricane Allen spent more total time as a Category 5. On September 4, Hurricane Dog was one of three simultaneous Atlantic hurricanes, along with Charlie and Easy. This is a rare occurrence in the Atlantic Ocean, and has only happened six times since 1950—in 1961, 1967, 1980, 1995, 1998, and most recently in 2010. This also occurred on August 31 with Baker, Charlie and Dog. Additionally, Dog remains one of only three Category 5 hurricanes in the historical database to avoid land—the others were Easy and Cleo, both of which also occurred in the 1950s. Why was it called the Dog Hurricane? Hurricane naming began back in 1950, when meteorologists wanted to give tropical storms and hurricanes an easy name to remember them by, instead of just plain "Hurricane Six" or "Tropical Storm 8b". So, in 1950, the National Hurricane Center named hurricanes from the World War 2 phonetic alphabet. Hurricanes that year were given names such as "Dog", "Barker", "Item", and "Jig". And yes, these names did sound a little funny, that is probably why they only used these names until 1952. In the Hurricane Season of 1953, they tried a different approach - giving the hurricanes human names. They started out just using female names, and this lasted over 25 years until in 1979, men's names were incorporated into the list. 1950: A hailstorm struck southern parts of Oklahoma City on this day. The storm damaged about 4,000 homes, 300 businesses, and 750 cars, resulting in a loss estimated at $987,000. 1960: Hurricane Donna hits the Boston, MA area. Winds were recorded to 140 mph at the Blue Hills Observatory at Milton, MA and 130 mph at Block Island, RI. Donna was the first hurricane to affect every point along the east coast from Key West, FL to Caribou, ME. (Ref. NOAA Boston Weather Events) 1963: President Kennedy gave his, “We choose to go to the moon” speech at Rice University. 1974: Another three inches of snow fell at Scottsbluff, NE bringing the early season snowfall total to 3.8 inches. Saratoga, WY received 4 inches of snow. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1977 - Thunderstorms deluged the Kansas City area with torrential rains in the early morning hours, and then again that evening. Some places were deluged with more than six inches of rain twice that day, with up to 18 inches of rain reported at Independence MO. Flooding claimed the lives of 25 persons. The Country Club Plaza area was hardest hit. 2000 vehicles had to be towed following the storm, 150 of which had to be pulled out of Brush Creek, which runs through the Plaza area. (The Kansas City Weather Almanac) 1979 - Hurricane Frederick smashed into the Mobile Bay area of Alabama packing 132 mph winds. Winds gusts to 145 mph were reported as the eye of the hurricane moved over Dauphin Island AL, just west of Mobile. Frederick produced a fifteen foot storm surge near the mouth of Mobile Bay. The hurricane was the costliest in U.S. history causing 2.3 billion dollars damage. (David Ludlum) (The Weather Channel) 1986: 6 to 12 inches of rain in three days resulted in record flooding from Muskegon, MI to Saginaw, MI. The flooding was worsened by the collapse of several dams. 10 people were killed and damage estimates approached $500 million dollars. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1987 - Showers and thunderstorms produced heavy rain which caused flooding in North Carolina, West Virginia, Virginia and Pennsylvania. Parts of Virginia received 3 to 4 inches of rain in just two hours early in the day. Later in the day, three to five inch rains deluged Cumberland County of south central Pennsylvania. Evening thunderstorms produced seven inches of rain at Marysville PA, most of which fell in three hours time. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1988 - An afternoon tornado spawned a tornado which skipped across northern sections of Indianapolis IN damaging roofs and automobiles. It was the first tornado in central Indiana in September in nearly forty years of records. Hurricane Gilbert plowed across the island of Jamaica, and by the end of the day was headed for the Cayman Islands, packing winds of 125 mph. (The National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1989 - Snow whitened the mountains and foothills of northeastern Colorado, with eight inches reported at Buckhorn Mountain, west of Fort Collins. Two to three inches fell around Denver, causing great havoc during the evening rush hour. Thunderstorms produced severe weather in the Southern Plains Region between mid afternoon and early the next morning. Thunderstorms produced hail three inches in diameter at Roswell NM, and wind gusts greater than 98 mph at Henryetta OK. Thunderstorms also produced torrential rains, with more than seven inches at Scotland TX, and more than six inches at Yukon OK. (National Weather Summary) (Storm Data) 1993: The high temperature in Fort Collins, CO was 94°. A strong cold front dropped the temperature overnight and by 10 a.m. the next morning, it was 33° with 3 inches of snow on the ground. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1997: Hurricane Linda became the strongest storm recorded in the eastern Pacific with winds estimated at 180 mph and gusts to 218 mph. For a time it threatened to come ashore in California as a tropical storm, but the storm turned away, impacting the region only with added moisture for showers and thunderstorms. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 1999: Extremely dangerous Hurricane Floyd, a Category 4 storm with top winds of 145 mph, was making residents along the U.S. East Coast very nervous as it steamed steadily westward. The storm was 360 miles east of the Bahamas, causing hurricane warnings to be raised in the islands. (Ref. Wilson Wx. History) 2008: Hurricane Ike intensified from tropical storm to Category 3 status in less than nine hours on 3 September. A few days later, Ike crossed the Caribbean and waltzed across extreme western Cuba as a Cat 3. But Ike's peak winds never regained major-hurricane force. Instead, the system simply got bigger, eventually packing some of the largest radii of hurricane-force winds (125 miles) and tropical-storm force winds (275 miles) ever measured. This posed a major public communication challenge, as the vast swath of wind was expected to stir up a storm surge in the Galveston area far worse than people might presume from the storm's Category 2 rating. The worst of Ike's surge struck less-populated areas just east of Galveston Island on the night of 12-13 September, but the overall damage was still tremendous: more than $30 billion (in inflation-adjusted dollars, that's the third costliest U.S. hurricane on record). Much of Galveston and nearby coastal towns were left in shambles, and storm-surge damage extended well east into Louisiana. Ike resulted in 82 U.S. deaths--among the highest tolls in recent decades--and more than 200 people remain missing in the hurricane's aftermath. (Washington Post "Top Ten Weather Events of 2008") 2017: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station have to reopened on September 16th after IRMA of Cat 1 hurricane gave 75 MPH force winds from Hurricane Irma that lashed the Florida Space Coast on Sunday and Monday (Sept. 10/11) – forcing launch delays and leaving damaged and destroyed homes, buildings, infrastructure and launch viewing locations in its wake. Cape Canaveral Air Force Station military forces partially reopened certain critical runways soon after Irma swept by the space coast to assist in emergency recovery operations. The “Kennedy Space Center will resume normal operations Saturday, Sept. 16,” NASA announced. Irma Data 2018: Hurricane Florence was a powerful and long-lived Cape Verde hurricane, as well as the wettest tropical cyclone on record in the Carolinas and the ninth-wettest tropical cyclone to affect the contiguous United States. The sixth named storm, third hurricane, and the first major hurricane of the 2018 Atlantic hurricane season, Florence originated from a strong tropical wave that emerged off the west coast of Africa on August 30, 2018. Steady organization resulted in the formation of a tropical depression on the next day near Cape Verde. Progressing along a steady west-northwest trajectory, the system acquired tropical storm strength on September 1, and fluctuated in strength for several days over open ocean. An unexpected bout of rapid intensification ensued on September 4– 5, culminating with Florence becoming a Category 4 major hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale with estimated maximum sustained winds of 130 mph

64 / 56 another dry / warm day as we erode the early month below normal with a period of warmer than normal. Center ridge a bit east keeping the cut off / ULL away and the area dry through the week. Overall warmer period with max temps in the mid 80s in the warmest spots othwerwise upper 70s to low 80s.

Highs: PHL: 83 EWR: 82 New Brnswck: 82 TTN: 81 JFK: 80 ^ non intra hour highs ISP: 80 ^ no intra hour highs BLM: 80 TEB: 80 ACY: 80 NYC: 79 LGA: 78